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Measuring Development of Self-Help Organizations for Patients with Chronic Health Conditions in Hong Kong: Development and Validation of the Self-Help Organization Development Scale (SHODS)

Author

Listed:
  • Steven Sek-yum Ngai

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Shan Jiang

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Chau-kiu Cheung

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Hon-yin Tang

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Hiu-lam Ngai

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Yuen-hang Ng

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Self-help organizations (SHOs) enable patients with chronic health conditions (PCHCs) to overcome common difficulties through the exchange of knowledge and mutual assistance, which serves as the basis for promoting the self-reliance and well-being of PCHCs. Nevertheless, practical challenges persist because little is known about what and how to evaluate for the developmental outcomes of SHOs. To address this knowledge gap, the present study seeks to develop and validate the Self-Help Organization Development Scale (SHODS). A total of 232 core members from 54 SHOs in Hong Kong participated in our study. The SHODS structure was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. This analysis derived five factors: citizen support, business support, member recovery and mutual aid, organizational health, and functional sustainability. The five-factor structure demonstrated stability across various types of SHOs, as validated by the subgroup analysis based on two criteria: duration of SHO establishment and organization affiliation. Good concurrent validity was supported by significant correlations between the SHODS factors and organizational variables, including staff supervision, staff understanding, networking, advocating, and educating the public and patients. The SHODS also showed excellent internal consistency. In conclusion, the SHODS is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring the developmental outcomes of SHOs.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven Sek-yum Ngai & Shan Jiang & Chau-kiu Cheung & Hon-yin Tang & Hiu-lam Ngai & Yuen-hang Ng, 2021. "Measuring Development of Self-Help Organizations for Patients with Chronic Health Conditions in Hong Kong: Development and Validation of the Self-Help Organization Development Scale (SHODS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1351-:d:491952
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kofahl, Christopher & Trojan, Alf & Knesebeck, Olaf von dem & Nickel, Stefan, 2014. "Self-help friendliness: A German approach for strengthening the cooperation between self-help groups and health care professionals," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 217-225.
    2. Caroline Dale Ditlev-Simonsen, 2017. "Beyond sponsorship - exploring the impact of cooperation between corporations and NGOs," International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Akhaya Kumar Nayak & Prabin Kumar Panigrahi & Biswanath Swain, 2019. "Self-help groups in India: challenges and a roadmap for sustainability," Social Responsibility Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 16(7), pages 1013-1033, August.
    4. Clark, W. & Welch, S.N. & Berry, S.H. & Collentine, A.M. & Collins, R. & Lebron, D. & Shearer, A.L., 2013. "California's historic effort to reduce the stigma of mental illness: The Mental Health Services Act," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(5), pages 786-794.
    5. Rojatz, Daniela & Forster, Rudolf, 2017. "Self-help organisations as patient representatives in health care and policy decision-making," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(10), pages 1047-1052.
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