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Association between Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy and Multidimensional Development in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy

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  • Paolo Girardi

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
    Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti 241, 35121 Padova, Italy)

  • Silvia Lanfranchi

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Massimo Stafoggia

    (Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147 Rome, Italy)

  • Sara Scrimin

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Air pollutants can potentially affect the development of children. However, data on the effect of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and developmental outcomes in school children are rare. We investigated the link between prenatal exposure to particulate matters smaller than 10 microns (PM 10 ) and the development of school-age children in multiple domains. Cross-sectional data were collected in Italy between 2013 and 2014. Children aged between 5 and 8 years (n = 1187) were assessed on cognitive, communication, socio-emotional, adaptive, and motor developmental domains using the Developmental Profile 3 questionnaire. The monthly average concentration of PM 10 during the entire fetal period was linked to the municipality of residence of the children. The increase in the prenatal PM 10 was associated with a decrease in the cognitive score during the second (+13.2 µg/m 3 PM 10 increase: −0.30 points; 95%CI: −0.12–−0.48) and third trimesters of pregnancy (−0.31 points; 95%CI: −0.11–−0.50). The communicative domain was also negatively influenced by PM 10 increases in the second trimester. The development of cognitive and communicative abilities of children was negatively associated with the exposure to PM 10 during the period of fetal development, confirming that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy can potentially hinder the development of the brain.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Girardi & Silvia Lanfranchi & Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo & Massimo Stafoggia & Sara Scrimin, 2021. "Association between Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy and Multidimensional Development in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11648-:d:673333
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhuanlan Sun & Demi Zhu, 2019. "Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health outcomes: A scoping review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, May.
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    3. Patrick Gourley, 2020. "What are the Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure? Evidence from the BHPS," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 46(4), pages 603-635, October.
    4. Viola Tozzi & Aitana Lertxundi & Jesus M. Ibarluzea & Michela Baccini, 2019. "Causal Effects of Prenatal Exposure to PM 2.5 on Child Development and the Role of Unobserved Confounding," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-12, November.
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    1. Laura A. McGuinn & Lisa D. Wiggins & Heather E. Volk & Qian Di & Eric J. Moody & Eric Kasten & Joel Schwartz & Robert O. Wright & Laura A. Schieve & Gayle C. Windham & Julie L. Daniels, 2022. "Pre- and Postnatal Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Childhood Cognitive and Adaptive Function," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-10, March.

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