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Gendering Neighbourhood Marginalization Metrics in Mental Health Services Research: A Cross-Sectional Exploration of a Rural and Small Urban Population

Author

Listed:
  • Neeru Gupta

    (Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada)

  • Dan Lawson Crouse

    (Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110, USA)

  • Ismael Foroughi

    (Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada)

  • Thalia Nikolaidou

    (Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada)

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the extent to which socioenvironmental characteristics may influence mental health outcomes in smaller population centres or differently among women and men. This study used a gender-based analysis approach to explore individual- and neighbourhood-level sex differences in mental health service use in a context of uniquely smaller urban and rural settlements. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis leveraged multiple person-based administrative health datasets linked with geospatial datasets among the population aged 1 and over in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between neighbourhood characteristics with risk of service contacts for mood and anxiety disorders in 2015/2016, characterizing the areal measures among all residents (gender neutral) and by males and females separately (gender specific), and controlling for age group. Results: Among the province’s 707,575 eligible residents, 10.7% (females: 14.0%; males: 7.3%) used mental health services in the year of observation. In models adjusted for gender-neutral neighbourhood characteristics, service contacts were significantly more likely among persons residing in the most materially deprived areas compared with the least (OR = 1.09 [95% CI: 1.05–1.12]); when stratified by individuals’ sex, the risk pattern held for females (OR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.09–1.17]) but not males (OR = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.96–1.05]). Residence in the most female-specific materially deprived neighbourhoods was independently associated with higher risk of mental health service use among individual females (OR = 1.08 [95% CI: 1.02–1.14]) but not among males (OR = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.95–1.10]). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that research needs to better integrate sex and gender in contextual measures aiming to inform community interventions and neighbourhood designs, notably in small urban and rural settings, to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of mental disorders.

Suggested Citation

  • Neeru Gupta & Dan Lawson Crouse & Ismael Foroughi & Thalia Nikolaidou, 2021. "Gendering Neighbourhood Marginalization Metrics in Mental Health Services Research: A Cross-Sectional Exploration of a Rural and Small Urban Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11197-:d:664328
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aysha Lukmanji & Jeanne V.A. Williams & Andrew G.M. Bulloch & Ashley K. Dores & Scott B. Patten, 2020. "The Association of Active Living Environments and Mental Health: A Canadian Epidemiological Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-12, March.
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    5. Gabriele Bolte & Sarah Nanninga & Lisa Dandolo, 2019. "Sex/Gender Differences in the Association between Residential Green Space and Self-Rated Health—A Sex/Gender-Focused Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-17, November.
    6. Ismael Foroughi & Neeru Gupta & Dan Lawson Crouse, 2020. "Healthcare Service Use for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study of the Role of Neighbourhood Socioenvironmental Characteristics in a Largely Rural Populatio," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-12, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pietro Ferrara & Luciana Albano, 2022. "Advances in Population-Based Healthcare Research: From Measures to Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-4, October.

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