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Effects of 16 Weeks of Taekwondo Training on the Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, Circulating Neurotransmitters, and Subjective Well-Being of Obese Postmenopausal Women

Author

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  • Yong-Kuk Lee

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea)

  • Su-Youn Cho

    (Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Taekwondo, Youngsan University, Yangsan-si 50510, Korea
    Contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hee-Tae Roh

    (Department of Sports Science, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221 beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Korea
    Contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

We investigated the effects of Taekwondo training on the body composition, serum lipid profiles, plasma neurotransmitter levels, cerebral blood flow velocities, and subjective well-being of 24 obese postmenopausal women. The women were randomly assigned into the experimental ( n = 12) and control ( n = 12) groups. The experimental group underwent Taekwondo training five times per week for 16 weeks, while the control group did not. All participants underwent evaluation for the following parameters before and after the intervention: body composition; serum lipid profiles; plasma serotonin and dopamine levels; cerebral blood flow velocities; positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) scores; satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) scores. After the intervention, it was observed that the weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PANAS-NA (negative affect in the PANAS questionnaire) scores were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05)—while the plasma serotonin levels were significantly increased ( p < 0.05)—in the experimental group. Conversely, there were no significant changes in the cerebral blood flow velocities ( p > 0.05). Taekwondo training can be effective in not only reducing obesity, but also in increasing the circulating neurotransmitters and enhancing the subjective well-being of obese postmenopausal women.

Suggested Citation

  • Yong-Kuk Lee & Su-Youn Cho & Hee-Tae Roh, 2021. "Effects of 16 Weeks of Taekwondo Training on the Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, Circulating Neurotransmitters, and Subjective Well-Being of Obese Postmenopausal Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10789-:d:656241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hee-Tae Roh & Su-Youn Cho & Wi-Young So, 2018. "Taekwondo Training Improves Mood and Sociability in Children from Multicultural Families in South Korea: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Su-Youn Cho & Wi-Young So & Hee-Tae Roh, 2017. "The Effects of Taekwondo Training on Peripheral Neuroplasticity-Related Growth Factors, Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Kimberly Petrovic, 2017. "The Benefits of Taekwondo Training for Undergraduate Students: A Phenomenological Study," Societies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Hee-Tae Roh & Su-Youn Cho & Wi-Young So, 2020. "Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-11, April.
    5. Su-Youn Cho & Hee-Tae Roh, 2019. "Taekwondo Enhances Cognitive Function as a Result of Increased Neurotrophic Growth Factors in Elderly Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-12, March.
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