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Measurement Invariance of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory across LGB Males and Females in Taiwan: Bifactor Structure Fits the Best

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  • Meng-Tsang Hsieh

    (Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
    School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Jung-Sheng Chen

    (Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan)

  • Chung-Ying Lin

    (Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Fang Yen

    (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan)

  • Mark D. Griffiths

    (International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK)

  • Yu-Te Huang

    (Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong RM543, China)

Abstract

The present study examined the factor structure and concurrent validity of the traditional Chinese version of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory (SOMI) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in Taiwan. In total, 1000 self-identified LGB individuals completed the SOMI, HIV and Homosexuality Related Stigma Scale (HHRSS), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ). Different factor structures (including one-factor, four-factor, bifactor, and higher-order factor structures) were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The bifactor structure significantly outperformed all others on the SOMI. The bifactor structure with one general factor and four trait factors was found to be measurement invariant across biological sex with satisfactory fit indices. The SOMI general factor was significantly associated with HHRSS-Homosexuality score and AAQ score. The findings indicate that the SOMI is a psychometrically sound instrument for Taiwan sexual minority groups. More specifically, SOMI can be used to accurately assess microaggression among LGB individuals. The measure on microaggression may also provide insights for healthcare providers about LGB individuals’ sexuality-related stigma. Moreover, healthcare providers and relevant stakeholders can use the SOMI to understand how LGB individuals perceive and feel microaggression.

Suggested Citation

  • Meng-Tsang Hsieh & Jung-Sheng Chen & Chung-Ying Lin & Cheng-Fang Yen & Mark D. Griffiths & Yu-Te Huang, 2021. "Measurement Invariance of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory across LGB Males and Females in Taiwan: Bifactor Structure Fits the Best," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10668-:d:654011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Schmid & John Leiman, 1957. "The development of hierarchical factor solutions," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 22(1), pages 53-61, March.
    2. Chien-Chuan Wang & Ray C. Hsiao & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2019. "Victimization of Traditional and Cyber Bullying During Childhood and Their Correlates Among Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: A Retrospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-14, November.
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    1. Jung-Sheng Chen & Yu-Te Huang & Chung-Ying Lin & Cheng-Fang Yen & Mark D. Griffiths & Amir H. Pakpour, 2021. "Relationships of Sexual Orientation Microaggression with Anxiety and Depression among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Taiwanese Youth: Self-Identity Disturbance Mediates but Gender Does Not Moderate the Re," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Huang-Chi Lin & Yu-Ping Chang & Yi-Lung Chen & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Relationships of Homophobic Bullying Victimization during Childhood with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adulthood among Gay and Bisexual Men: Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Yu-Te Huang & Wen-Jiun Chou & Yi-Chen Hang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2023. "Sexual Orientation Microaggression Experiences and Coping Responses of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Mei-Feng Huang & Yu-Ping Chang & Chung-Ying Lin & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "A Newly Developed Scale for Assessing Experienced and Anticipated Sexual Stigma in Health-Care Services for Gay and Bisexual Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, October.
    5. Chung-Ying Lin & Yu-Ping Chang & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2023. "Assessing Enacted Sexual Stigma toward Gay and Bisexual Men in the Military: The Enacted Sexual Stigma Experiences Scale in Military Service," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-10, January.
    6. Ching-Shu Tsai & Yu-Te Huang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Experience of Sexual Orientation Microaggression among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan: Its Related Factors and Association with Mental Health Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-9, November.
    7. Mei-Feng Huang & Yu-Ping Chang & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Problematic Smartphone Use and Its Associations with Sexual Minority Stressors, Gender Nonconformity, and Mental Health Problems among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, May.

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