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COVID-19 Misinformation Online and Health Literacy: A Brief Overview

Author

Listed:
  • Salman Bin Naeem

    (Department of Library & Information Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Maged N. Kamel Boulos

    (Information Management School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

Abstract

Low digital health literacy affects large percentages of populations around the world and is a direct contributor to the spread of COVID-19-related online misinformation (together with bots). The ease and ‘viral’ nature of social media sharing further complicate the situation. This paper provides a quick overview of the magnitude of the problem of COVID-19 misinformation on social media, its devastating effects, and its intricate relation to digital health literacy. The main strategies, methods and services that can be used to detect and prevent the spread of COVID-19 misinformation, including machine learning-based approaches, health literacy guidelines, checklists, mythbusters and fact-checkers, are then briefly reviewed. Given the complexity of the COVID-19 infodemic, it is very unlikely that any of these approaches or tools will be fully effective alone in stopping the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. Instead, a mixed, synergistic approach, combining the best of these strategies, methods, and services together, is highly recommended in tackling online health misinformation, and mitigating its negative effects in COVID-19 and future pandemics. Furthermore, techniques and tools should ideally focus on evaluating both the message (information content) and the messenger (information author/source) and not just rely on assessing the latter as a quick and easy proxy for the trustworthiness and truthfulness of the former. Surveying and improving population digital health literacy levels are also essential for future infodemic preparedness.

Suggested Citation

  • Salman Bin Naeem & Maged N. Kamel Boulos, 2021. "COVID-19 Misinformation Online and Health Literacy: A Brief Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:8091-:d:605305
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    1. Alessandro Bessi & Mauro Coletto & George Alexandru Davidescu & Antonio Scala & Guido Caldarelli & Walter Quattrociocchi, 2015. "Science vs Conspiracy: Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, February.
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    2. Rosa Vicari & Nadejda Komendatova, 2023. "Systematic meta-analysis of research on AI tools to deal with misinformation on social media during natural and anthropogenic hazards and disasters," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, December.
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    4. Baharudin Abdullah & Kornkiat Snidvongs & Niken Lestari Poerbonegoro & Budi Sutikno, 2022. "Reshaping the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Primary Care: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Ammara Malik & Faiza Bashir & Khalid Mahmood, 2023. "Antecedents and Consequences of Misinformation Sharing Behavior among Adults on Social Media during COVID-19," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440221, January.
    6. Michael M. Phillips & Rosana Hernandez Weldon & Anam Maniar & Uday Patil & Uliana Kostareva & Joy Agner & Julia Finn & Tetine Sentell, 2022. "Social Networks, Health Information Sharing, and Pandemic Perceptions among Young Adults in Hawai’i during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Chen Cohen & Lilach Rinot Levavi, 2023. "A Game-Theory-Based Approach to Promoting Health Policy among Minorities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    8. María F. Rivadeneira & María J. Miranda-Velasco & Hiram V. Arroyo & José D. Caicedo-Gallardo & Carmen Salvador-Pinos, 2022. "Digital Health Literacy Related to COVID-19: Validation and Implementation of a Questionnaire in Hispanic University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    9. Pilar Bas-Sarmiento & María José Lamas-Toranzo & Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez & Miriam Poza-Méndez, 2022. "Health Literacy, Misinformation, Self-Perceived Risk and Fear, and Preventive Measures Related to COVID-19 in Spanish University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-18, November.
    10. Željko Pavić & Emma Kovačević & Adrijana Šuljok, 2023. "Health literacy, religiosity, and political identification as predictors of vaccination conspiracy beliefs: a test of the deficit and contextual models," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish & Nopakoon Nantsupawat & Nida Buawangpong & Suphawita Pliannuom & Tanat Vaniyapong & Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, 2022. "Concerns of Home Isolating COVID-19 Patients While Receiving Care via Telemedicine during the Pandemic in the Northern Thailand: A Qualitative Study on Text Messaging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    12. Anthony Faiola & Maged N. Kamel Boulos & Salman Bin Naeem & Aziz ur-Rehman, 2022. "Integrating Social and Family Support as a Measure of Health Outcomes: Validity Implications from the Integrated Model of Health Literacy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-19, December.

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