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The Determinants of Infant Mortality in Brazil, 2010–2020: A Scoping Review

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  • Alexandre Bugelli

    (École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, Park Avenue, 3rd Floor, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
    Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 7101, Park Avenue, 3rd Floor, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
    Science without Borders Program, CAPES Foundation (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia DF 700040-020, Brazil)

  • Roxane Borgès Da Silva

    (École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, Park Avenue, 3rd Floor, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
    Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 7101, Park Avenue, 3rd Floor, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada)

  • Ladislau Dowbor

    (School of Economics and Business Administration Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP), Rua Monte Alegre, 984, Perdizes, São Paulo CEP 05014-901, Brazil)

  • Claude Sicotte

    (École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, Park Avenue, 3rd Floor, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada)

Abstract

Despite the implementation of social and health policies that positively affected the health of the populations in Brazil, since 2009 the country has experienced a slower decline of infant mortality. After an economic and political crisis, Brazil witnessed increases in infant mortality that raised questions about what are the determinants of infant mortality after the implementation of such policies. We conducted a scoping review to identify and summarize those determinants with searches in three databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO. We included studies published between 2010 and 2020. We selected 23 papers: 83% associated infant mortality with public policies; 78% related infant mortality with the use of the health system and socioeconomic and living conditions; and 27% related to individual characteristics to infant mortality. Inequalities in the access to healthcare seem to have important implications in reducing infant mortality. Socioeconomic conditions and health-related factors such as income, education, fertility, housing, and the Bolsa Família . Program coverage was pointed out as the main determinants of infant mortality. Likewise, recent changes in infant mortality in Brazil are likely related to these factors. We also identified a gap in terms of studies on a possible association between employment and infant mortality.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Bugelli & Roxane Borgès Da Silva & Ladislau Dowbor & Claude Sicotte, 2021. "The Determinants of Infant Mortality in Brazil, 2010–2020: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-28, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6464-:d:575220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guanais, F.C., 2013. "The combined effects of the expansion of primary health care and conditional cash transfers on infant mortality in Brazil, 1998-2010," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(11), pages 2000-2006.
    2. Ruger, J.P., 2010. "Health capability: Conceptualization and operationalization," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(1), pages 41-49.
    3. Letícia Xander Russo & Anthony Scott & Peter Sivey & Joilson Dias, 2019. "Primary care physicians and infant mortality: Evidence from Brazil," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, May.
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