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Sustainable Growth of Social Tourism: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach Using Heterogeneous Travel Frequency Trajectories

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  • Jaeseok Lee

    (Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China)

  • Jooa Baek

    (Doctor of Business Administration Program, Goldey-Beacom College, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA)

Abstract

As travel activity has gained attention as one of the essential ways of understanding the sustainable growth of social tourism, a growing number of research projects have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between residents’ travel quantity (frequency) and quality (experience) in both macro and micro perspectives. Yet, very little research has highlighted that travel opportunities are not equally available to residents, especially a longitudinal perspective. The current study classified domestic travelers into four distinct classes using four years of longitudinal data from 5054 Korean residents. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) and growth mixture modeling (GMM) were employed to find out (1) the optimal number of classes, (2) the longitudinal travel frequency trajectory of each class, and (3) the distinctive demographic and travel characteristics of the four classes. This study provides some practical implications for policymakers when optimizing available resources for sustainable travel opportunities to relevant target sub-populations. Furthermore, detailed step-by-step analytic tutorials are also introduced for the extended application of longitudinal latent variable analysis in the tourism and hospitality fields, providing additional insights for relevant stakeholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaeseok Lee & Jooa Baek, 2021. "Sustainable Growth of Social Tourism: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach Using Heterogeneous Travel Frequency Trajectories," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5241-:d:554800
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Joaquín Alegre & Sara Mateo & Llorenç Pou, 2009. "Participation in Tourism Consumption and the Intensity of Participation: An Analysis of Their Socio-Demographic and Economic Determinants," Tourism Economics, , vol. 15(3), pages 531-546, September.
    3. Chen Che & Bonhak Koo & Jiatong Wang & Antonio Ariza-Montes & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz & Heesup Han, 2021. "Promoting Rural Tourism in Inner Mongolia: Attributes, Satisfaction, and Behaviors among Sustainable Tourists," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-14, April.
    4. McCabe, Scott & Qiao, Guanghui, 2020. "A review of research into social tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Social Tourism," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    5. Morgan, Nigel & Pritchard, Annette & Sedgley, Diane, 2015. "Social tourism and well-being in later life," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1-15.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ralf C. Buckley & Mary-Ann Cooper, 2022. "Tourism as a Tool in Nature-Based Mental Health: Progress and Prospects Post-Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.

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