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How Older People Experience the Age-Friendliness of Their City: Development of the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire

Author

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  • Jeroen Dikken

    (Chair of Urban Ageing, Faculty of Social Work & Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands)

  • Rudy F.M. van den Hoven

    (Chair of Urban Ageing, Faculty of Social Work & Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands)

  • Willeke H. van Staalduinen

    (AFEdemy—Academy on age-friendly environments in Europe, Buurtje 2, 2802 BE Gouda, The Netherlands)

  • Loes M.T. Hulsebosch-Janssen

    (Hulsebosch Advies, Lissenvaart 43, 2724 SJ Zoetermeer, The Netherlands)

  • Joost van Hoof

    (Chair of Urban Ageing, Faculty of Social Work & Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands
    Institute of Spatial Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 55, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

The World Health Organization engages cities and communities all over the world in becoming age-friendly. There is a need for assessing the age-friendliness of cities and communities by means of a transparently constructed and validated tool which measures the construct as a whole. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire measuring age-friendliness, providing full transparency and reproducibility. The development and validation of the Age Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) followed the criteria of the COnsensus-based Standards for selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Four phases were followed: (1) development of the conceptual model, themes and items; (2) initial (qualitative) validation; (3) psychometric validation, and (4) translating the instrument using the forward-backward translation method. This rigorous process of development and validation resulted in a valid, psychometrically sound, comprehensive 23-item questionnaire. This questionnaire can be used to measure older people’s experiences regarding the eight domains of the WHO Age-Friendly Cities model, and an additional financial domain. The AFCCQ allows practitioners and researchers to capture the age-friendliness of a city or community in a numerical fashion, which helps monitor the age-friendliness and the potential impact of policies or social programmes. The AFCCQ was created in Dutch and translated into British-English.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeroen Dikken & Rudy F.M. van den Hoven & Willeke H. van Staalduinen & Loes M.T. Hulsebosch-Janssen & Joost van Hoof, 2020. "How Older People Experience the Age-Friendliness of Their City: Development of the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6867-:d:416311
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sabina Baraković & Jasmina Baraković Husić & Joost van Hoof & Ondrej Krejcar & Petra Maresova & Zahid Akhtar & Francisco Jose Melero, 2020. "Quality of Life Framework for Personalised Ageing: A Systematic Review of ICT Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Joost Van Hoof & Jan K. Kazak & Jolanta M. Perek-Białas & Sebastiaan T. M. Peek, 2018. "The Challenges of Urban Ageing: Making Cities Age-Friendly in Europe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Thomas Scharf & Chris Phillipson & Allison Smith, 2003. "Older Peopleís Perceptions of the Neighbourhood: Evidence from Socially Deprived Urban Areas," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 8(4), pages 153-164, November.
    4. Hannah R. Marston & Joost van Hoof, 2019. "“Who Doesn’t Think about Technology When Designing Urban Environments for Older People?” A Case Study Approach to a Proposed Extension of the WHO’s Age-Friendly Cities Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-35, September.
    5. Abby C. King & Diane K. King & Ann Banchoff & Smadar Solomonov & Ofir Ben Natan & Jenna Hua & Paul Gardiner & Lisa Goldman Rosas & Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa & Sandra J. Winter & Jylana Sheats & Debo, 2020. "Employing Participatory Citizen Science Methods to Promote Age-Friendly Environments Worldwide," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-30, February.
    6. Raquel Flores & Antonio Caballer & Ana Alarcón, 2019. "Evaluation of an Age-Friendly City and Its Effect on Life Satisfaction: A Two-Stage Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-13, December.
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    5. Judy Blakey & Janet Clews, 2020. "Knowing, Being and Co-Constructing an Age-Friendly Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-27, December.
    6. Hannah Ramsden Marston & Linda Shore & P.J. White, 2020. "How does a (Smart) Age-Friendly Ecosystem Look in a Post-Pandemic Society?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-43, November.

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