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Uncertainties, Fear and Stigma: Perceptions of Zika Virus among Pregnant Women in Spain

Author

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  • Elena Marbán-Castro

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ana Villén-Gonzalvo

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Cristina Enguita-Fernàndez

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Anna Marín-Cos

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Clara Menéndez

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo 1929, Mozambique)

  • Maria Maixenchs

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Shared senior authorship.)

  • Azucena Bardají

    (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo 1929, Mozambique
    Shared senior authorship.)

Abstract

Similar to other epidemics, knowledge about Zika virus (ZIKV) relies upon information often coming from outside the health system. This study aimed to explore views, perceptions and attitudes towards ZIKV among migrant women from Central and South America, diagnosed with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, and to comprehend healthcare professionals’ perceptions of ZIKV. An exploratory qualitative study, based on phenomenology and grounded theory, was conducted in Barcelona, Spain. Data were collected through in-depth and paired interviews with women diagnosed with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, and semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals. Women showed good level of awareness of ZIKV, despite some knowledge gaps. The most consulted source of information about ZIKV was the Internet. Women expressed they suffered from anxiety and depression due to potential effects of ZIKV on their babies. They conveyed their sources of support came primarily from their partners and relatives, as well as healthcare professionals. This study stresses the dramatic health, social and emotional burden that the epidemic imposed on migrant women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy. These results may help guide psychosocial support and health measures for pregnant women and their children as part of the public health emergency response in emergent epidemics.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Marbán-Castro & Ana Villén-Gonzalvo & Cristina Enguita-Fernàndez & Anna Marín-Cos & Clara Menéndez & Maria Maixenchs & Azucena Bardají, 2020. "Uncertainties, Fear and Stigma: Perceptions of Zika Virus among Pregnant Women in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6643-:d:412381
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eman Y. Abu-rish & Eman R. Elayeh & Michael J. Browning, 2019. "Travelers to U.S.: Zika Virus Knowledge, Attitudes, and Determinants of Practices in the Middle East—Insights for Future Awareness Campaigns," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-10, July.
    2. Thaís Lorena Barbosa de França & Wilton Rodrigues Medeiros & Nilba Lima de Souza & Egmar Longo & Silvana Alves Pereira & Thamyris Barbosa de Oliveira França & Klayton Galante Sousa, 2018. "Growth and Development of Children with Microcephaly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-11, September.
    3. Rachel Lowe & Christovam Barcellos & Patrícia Brasil & Oswaldo G. Cruz & Nildimar Alves Honório & Hannah Kuper & Marilia Sá Carvalho, 2018. "The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Naiya Patel & Moneba Anees & Reema Kola & Juan Acuña & Pura Rodriguez de la Vega & Grettel Castro & Juan G. Ruiz & Patria Rojas, 2019. "Association between Knowledge of Zika Transmission and Preventative Measures among Latinas of Childbearing Age in Farm-Working Communities in South Florida," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-11, April.
    5. Kenneth M. Winneg & Jo Ellen Stryker & Daniel Romer & Kathleen Hall Jamieson, 2018. "Differences Between Florida and the Rest of the United States in Response to Local Transmission of the Zika Virus: Implications for Future Communication Campaigns," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(12), pages 2546-2560, December.
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    1. Tian-Ming Zhang & Qi Fang & Hao Yao & Mao-Sheng Ran, 2021. "Public Stigma of COVID-19 and Its Correlates in the General Population of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.

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