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What Protective Health Measures Are Americans Taking in Response to COVID-19? Results from the COVID Impact Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Fares Qeadan

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Nana Akofua Mensah

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Benjamin Tingey

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Rona Bern

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Tracy Rees

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Sharon Talboys

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Tejinder Pal Singh

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Steven Lacey

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

  • Kimberley Shoaf

    (Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA)

Abstract

With the emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes; COVID-19, compliance with/adherence to protective measures is needed. Information is needed on which measures are, or are not, being undertaken. Data collected from the COVID Impact Survey, conducted by the non-partisan and objective research organization NORC at the University of Chicago on April, May, and June of 2020, were analyzed through weighted Quasi-Poisson regression modeling to determine the association of demographics, socioeconomics, and health conditions with protective health measures taken at the individual level in response to COVID-19. The three surveys included data from 18 regional areas including 10 states (CA, CO, FL, LA, MN, MO, MT, NY, OR, and TX) and 8 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Cleveland and Columbus, OH; Phoenix, AZ; and Pittsburgh, PA). Individuals with higher incomes, insurance, higher education levels, large household size, age 60+, females, minorities, those who have asthma, have hypertension, overweight or obese, and those who suffer from mental health issues during the pandemic were significantly more likely to report taking precautionary protective measures relative to their counterparts. Protective measures for the three subgroups with a known relationship to COVID-19 (positive for COVID-19, knowing an individual with COVID-19, and knowing someone who had died from COVID-19) were strongly associated with the protective health measures of washing hands, avoiding public places, and canceling social engagements. This study provides first baseline data on the response to the national COVID-19 pandemic at the individual level in the US. The found heterogeneity in the response to this pandemic by different variables can inform future research and interventions to reduce exposure to the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Suggested Citation

  • Fares Qeadan & Nana Akofua Mensah & Benjamin Tingey & Rona Bern & Tracy Rees & Sharon Talboys & Tejinder Pal Singh & Steven Lacey & Kimberley Shoaf, 2020. "What Protective Health Measures Are Americans Taking in Response to COVID-19? Results from the COVID Impact Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6295-:d:405867
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tang, C.S.K. & Wong, C.-Y., 2003. "An Outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Predictors of Health Behaviors and Effect of Community Prevention Measures in Hong Kong, China," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(11), pages 1887-1889.
    2. Ioulia Solomou & Fofi Constantinidou, 2020. "Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Fares Qeadan & Trenton Honda & Lisa H. Gren & Jennifer Dailey-Provost & L. Scott Benson & James A. VanDerslice & Christina A. Porucznik & A. Blake Waters & Steven Lacey & Kimberley Shoaf, 2020. "Naive Forecast for COVID-19 in Utah Based on the South Korea and Italy Models-the Fluctuation between Two Extremes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-14, April.
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    2. Wei Song & Taiyang Zhao & Ershuai Huang, 2022. "How Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect People’s Willingness to Pay for Health in the Short and Long Term? A Longitudinal Study during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Carmen Orte & Lidia Sánchez-Prieto & David Caldevilla Domínguez & Almudena Barrientos-Báez, 2020. "Evaluation of Distress and Risk Perception Associated with COVID-19 in Vulnerable Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Elsie Yan & Daniel W. L. Lai & Vincent W. P. Lee & Haze K. L. Ng, 2021. "Predicting Public Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hong Kong," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, November.
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