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A Cross-Sectional Study on Benzene Exposure in Pediatric Age and Parental Smoking Habits at Home

Author

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  • Arianna Antonucci

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Matteo Vitali

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Stefano Martellucci

    (Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Mattei

    (Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy)

  • Carmela Protano

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

After the introduction of the smoke-free legislation, household smoking has become the major source of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for children. In our previous research, we found a strong association between urinary unmodified benzene (u-UB) levels and passive smoking exposure related to the home smoking policies (HSP). The aim of the study is to further investigate the impacts of several factors on ETS-exposure in childhood by using u-UB as tobacco-related carcinogen biomarker of exposure. Two cross-sectional studies were performed on the same target population of our previous research, in summer and winter season of the years 2017 and 2018, respectively. A questionnaire and a head space–solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analytical method were used as investigative procedures. The improvement found in smoking habits, when compared to our previous surveys, reduced the levels of u-UB in children. However, significant differences related to the high number of smokers and smoked cigarettes, in total and at home, still persist. These differences are more relevant in the winter season. Finally, the only effective way for making homes completely smokefree is to develop public health policies for encouraging people to quit or drastically reduce smoking.

Suggested Citation

  • Arianna Antonucci & Matteo Vitali & Stefano Martellucci & Vincenzo Mattei & Carmela Protano, 2020. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Benzene Exposure in Pediatric Age and Parental Smoking Habits at Home," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:15:p:5469-:d:391497
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sònia Torres & Carla Merino & Beatrix Paton & Xavier Correig & Noelia Ramírez, 2018. "Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, November.
    2. Reinskje Talhout & Thomas Schulz & Ewa Florek & Jan Van Benthem & Piet Wester & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2011. "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Carmela Protano & Roberta Andreoli & Paola Manini & Matteo Vitali, 2012. "How home-smoking habits affect children: a cross-sectional study using urinary cotinine measurement in Italy," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(6), pages 885-892, December.
    4. Yun Wang & Mei Yang & Lang Tian & Zhiqiang Huang & Faming Chen & Jingsong Hu & Fuzhi Wang & Gui Chen & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2014. "Relationship between Caregivers’ Smoking at Home and Urinary Levels of Cotinine in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria Luisa Astolfi & Matteo Vitali & Elisabetta Marconi & Stefano Martellucci & Vincenzo Mattei & Silvia Canepari & Carmela Protano, 2020. "Urinary Mercury Levels and Predictors of Exposure among a Group of Italian Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Arianna Antonucci & Carmela Protano & Maria Luisa Astolfi & Vincenzo Mattei & Francesca Santilli & Stefano Martellucci & Matteo Vitali, 2021. "Exposure Profile to Traffic Related Pollution in Pediatric Age: A Biomonitoring Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.

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