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Relationship between Caregivers’ Smoking at Home and Urinary Levels of Cotinine in Children

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  • Yun Wang

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
    School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China)

  • Mei Yang

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lang Tian

    (Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhiqiang Huang

    (Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410004, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Faming Chen

    (Changsha Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410001, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jingsong Hu

    (Changsha Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410001, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fuzhi Wang

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gui Chen

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shuiyuan Xiao

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China)

Abstract

Objective : To assess the impact of different smoking behaviors of caregivers on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children aged 5–6 years in Changsha, China. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional, random digit-dial telephone survey of caregivers ( n = 543) between August and October 2013. Caregivers’ smoking behaviors were collected by a questionnaire. Exposure assessment was based upon determination of urinary cotinine levels in children employing gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results : In children not living with a smoker, children living with one smoker, and children living with more than one smoker at home, median urinary cotinine concentrations (ng/mL) were 0.72, 2.97, and 4.46, respectively. For children living with one smoker, median urinary cotinine levels of children exposed to ETS were associated with caregiver smoking behaviors, i.e. , if a caregiver consumed more cigarettes (>20 compared with ≤10; 7.73 versus 2.29 ng/mL, respectively). Conclusions : The magnitude of ETS exposure in children is correlated with the smoking behaviors of the caregiver. Counseling for smoking cessation and educational interventions are needed urgently for smoking caregivers to increase their awareness about ETS exposure and to encourage smoking cessation at home or to take precautions to protect children’s health.

Suggested Citation

  • Yun Wang & Mei Yang & Lang Tian & Zhiqiang Huang & Faming Chen & Jingsong Hu & Fuzhi Wang & Gui Chen & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2014. "Relationship between Caregivers’ Smoking at Home and Urinary Levels of Cotinine in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:12:p:12499-12513:d:42971
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gu, D. & Wu, X. & Reynolds, K. & Duan, X. & Xin, X. & Reynolds, R.F. & Whelton, P.K. & He, J., 2004. "Cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in China: The international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in asia," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(11), pages 1972-1976.
    2. Vassiliki Mantziou & Constantine I. Vardavas & Eleni Kletsiou & Kostas N. Priftis, 2009. "Predictors of Childhood Exposure to Parental Secondhand Smoke in the House and Family Car," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Carmela Protano & Roberta Andreoli & Paola Manini & Matteo Vitali, 2012. "How home-smoking habits affect children: a cross-sectional study using urinary cotinine measurement in Italy," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(6), pages 885-892, December.
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    1. Arianna Antonucci & Matteo Vitali & Stefano Martellucci & Vincenzo Mattei & Carmela Protano, 2020. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Benzene Exposure in Pediatric Age and Parental Smoking Habits at Home," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Li Zhou & Lu Niu & Hui Jiang & Caixiao Jiang & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2016. "Facilitators and Barriers of Smokers’ Compliance with Smoking Bans in Public Places: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, December.

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