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Facilitators and Barriers of Smokers’ Compliance with Smoking Bans in Public Places: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Literature

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  • Li Zhou

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Lu Niu

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
    Centre for Health Behaviors Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Hui Jiang

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Caixiao Jiang

    (Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Shuiyuan Xiao

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

Abstract

Background : Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with an increased risk of many diseases. Many countries have ratified a national smoking ban in public places, but studies on factors related to smoking issues in public places post-ban are lacking. Aim : To identify facilitators and barriers that influenced smokers’ compliance with smoking bans in public places. Methods : Using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science database, we conducted a systematic search of English articles published before June 2015 on factors of smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans in public places. Results : A total of 390 references were identified, among which seventeen articles (twelve quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, three mixed-method studies) were included in this review. These studies focused on four types of public places including recreational venues ( n = 7), hospital ( n = 5), school ( n = 4), and workplace ( n = 1). Factors at the individual-, interpersonal-, and organizational-level were identified: at the individual level, nicotine dependence, insufficiency of tobacco-related knowledge, and the negative attitudes towards smoking bans were the most commonly identified barriers; at the interpersonal level, the smoking behaviors of people around, close relatives, and friends’ approval were the main barriers; and at the organizational level, the main barriers were inefficient implementation of the bans and the inconvenience of the designative smoking areas. Conclusions : This synthesis of the literature provided evidence of the identified barriers and facilitators of smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans. It will be beneficial for the policy-maker to consider interventions on multiple levels of factors to overcome the barriers and enhance smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans in public places.

Suggested Citation

  • Li Zhou & Lu Niu & Hui Jiang & Caixiao Jiang & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2016. "Facilitators and Barriers of Smokers’ Compliance with Smoking Bans in Public Places: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1228-:d:84955
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roland S. Moore & Juliet P. Lee & Scott E. Martin & Michael Todd & Bong Chul Chu, 2009. "Correlates of Persistent Smoking in Bars Subject to Smokefree Workplace Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Lambros Lazuras & Martin Zlatev & Angelos Rodafinos & J. Eiser, 2012. "Smokers’ compliance with smoke-free policies, and non-smokers’ assertiveness for smoke-free air in the workplace: a study from the Balkans," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(5), pages 769-775, October.
    3. Shopik, Nicole A. & Schultz, Annette S.H. & Nykiforuk, Candace I.J. & Finegan, Barry A. & Kvern, Margaret A., 2012. "Impact of smoke-free hospital grounds policies: Patient experiences and perceptions," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 93-99.
    4. Yun Wang & Mei Yang & Lang Tian & Zhiqiang Huang & Faming Chen & Jingsong Hu & Fuzhi Wang & Gui Chen & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2014. "Relationship between Caregivers’ Smoking at Home and Urinary Levels of Cotinine in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Verdonk-Kleinjan, Wendy M.I. & Rijswijk, Pieter C.P. & de Vries, Hein & Knibbe, Ronald A., 2013. "Compliance with the workplace-smoking ban in the Netherlands," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 200-206.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seon Min Lee & Seungwoo Chun & Jin Suk Lee, 2020. "The Role of Negative Emotions Pre- and Post-Implementation of Graphic Health Warnings: Longitudinal Evidence from South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-14, July.

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