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The Associations of Trans -3′-Hydroxy Cotinine, Cotinine, and the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Pediatric Patients with Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Author

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  • E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens

    (Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA)

  • Georg E. Matt

    (Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

  • Roman A. Jandarov

    (Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA)

  • Ashley L. Merianos

    (School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

Abstract

(1) Background: Trans -3′-hydroxy cotinine (3HC) and cotinine (COT) are tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarkers and the 3HC/COT ratio is a marker of CYP2A6 activity, an enzyme which metabolizes nicotine. The primary objective was to assess the associations of these TSE biomarkers with sociodemographics and TSE patterns in children who lived with ≥1 smoker. (2) Methods: A convenience sample of 288 children (mean age (SD) = 6.42 (4.8) years) was recruited. Multiple linear regression models were built to assess associations of sociodemographics and TSE patterns with urinary biomarker response variables: (1) 3HC, (2) COT, (3) 3HC+COT sum, and (4) 3HC/COT ratio. (3) Results: All children had detectable 3HC (Geometric Mean [GeoM] = 32.03 ng/mL, 95%CI = 26.97, 38.04) and COT (GeoM = 10.24 ng/mL, 95%CI = 8.82, 11.89). Children with higher cumulative TSE had higher 3HC and COT ( β ^ = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.015 and β ^ = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.05, p = 0.013, respectively). Highest 3HC+COT sum levels were in children who were Black ( β ^ = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.04, 1.17, p = 0.039) and who had higher cumulative TSE ( β ^ = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.015). Lowest 3HC/COT ratios were in children who were Black ( β ^ = −0.42, 95%CI = −0.78, −0.07, p = 0.021) and female ( β ^ = −0.32, 95%CI = −0.62, −0.01, p = 0.044). (4) Conclusion: Results indicate that there are racial and age-related differences in TSE, most likely due to slower nicotine metabolism in non-Hispanic Black children and in younger children.

Suggested Citation

  • E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Georg E. Matt & Roman A. Jandarov & Ashley L. Merianos, 2023. "The Associations of Trans -3′-Hydroxy Cotinine, Cotinine, and the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Pediatric Patients with Tobacco Smoke Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:9:p:5639-:d:1132470
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sònia Torres & Carla Merino & Beatrix Paton & Xavier Correig & Noelia Ramírez, 2018. "Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, November.
    2. E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Matthew J. Mazzella & John T. Doucette & Ashley L. Merianos & Lara Stone & Chase A. Wullenweber & Stefanie A. Busgang & Georg E. Matt, 2020. "Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Robert T. Ammerman & Jane C. Khoury & Meredith E. Tabangin & Lili Ding & Ashley L. Merianos & Lara Stone & Judith S. Gordon, 2020. "A Parental Smoking Cessation Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Randomized Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
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