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Psychomotor Limitations of Overweight and Obese Five-Year-Old Children: Influence of Body Mass Indices on Motor, Perceptual, and Social-Emotional Skills

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  • Pedro Gil Madrona

    (Faculty of Education of Albacete, Department of Didactics of Musical Expression, Plastic Arts and Self-Expression through Movement, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain)

  • Sonia J. Romero Martínez

    (Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Psychology, Madrid Open University, 28400 Madrid, Spain)

  • Nieves María Sáez-Gallego

    (Faculty of Education of Toledo, Department of Didactics of Musical Expression, Plastic Arts and Self-Expression through Movement, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain)

  • Xavier G. Ordóñez Camacho

    (Faculty of Education, Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The present research aimed to study the psycho-motor performance of five-year-old children with different body mass indices (BMI). A total of 694 pre-school children in the province of Albacete-Spain participated. Their performance in motor, perceptual, and social-emotional skills was analyzed using a standardized observation sheet (Checklist of Psychomotor Activities—CPA) and then compared according to their BMI using non-parametric statistical methods (Mann-Whitney test). Separate comparisons were made for girls and boys. Results indicated significant differences in performance amongst the groups of girls in all the motor and perceptual activities, and in the social relationships component of the social-emotional factor. These differences seemed to penalize motor activities, perceptual skills, and social relationships in overweight and obese girls compared to normal weight girls. In the case of boys, there were significant differences in laterality and visual-motor coordination (favoring overweight boys). Differences in respiratory control were also found, but in this case, penalizing obese boys compared to normal weight boys. Knowledge of possible psychomotor limitations in obese children could allow psychologists and healthcare professionals to design more focused interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Gil Madrona & Sonia J. Romero Martínez & Nieves María Sáez-Gallego & Xavier G. Ordóñez Camacho, 2019. "Psychomotor Limitations of Overweight and Obese Five-Year-Old Children: Influence of Body Mass Indices on Motor, Perceptual, and Social-Emotional Skills," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:427-:d:202826
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    1. Tiziana Grassi & Antonella De Donno & Francesco Bagordo & Francesca Serio & Prisco Piscitelli & Elisabetta Ceretti & Claudia Zani & Gaia C. V. Viola & Milena Villarini & Massimo Moretti & Sara Levorat, 2016. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 6–8 Years Living in Five Italian Cities (the MAPEC_LIFE Cohort)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Toivainen, Teemu & Papageorgiou, Kostas A. & Tosto, Maria G. & Kovas, Yulia, 2017. "Sex differences in non-verbal and verbal abilities in childhood and adolescence," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 81-88.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruoyi Li & Qingyun Liu & Xuecan Chen & Shiyang Yan & Yihong Zhao & Linshan Zhang & Jitka Badurova & Luming Yang & Haojun Fan, 2021. "Load Transference with the Gain of Excessive Body Mass: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Roohi Kharofa & Robert Siegel & Kristin Stackpole, 2019. "What to Do about Childhood Obesity?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-4, October.
    3. Pedro Gil-Madrona & Sonia J. Romero-Martínez & Carmen C. Roz-Faraco, 2021. "Physical, Perceptual, Socio-Relational, and Affective Skills of Five-Year-Old Children Born Preterm and Full-Term According to Their Body Mass Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, April.
    4. Jin Shi & Haiping Xue & Chenchen Fang & Li Luo, 2022. "Can After-School Tutoring Sustainably Empower Preschoolers’ Development? —A Longitudinal Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Yihong Zhao & Debin Zheng & Shiyang Yan & Mengyuan Liu & Luming Yang, 2020. "Children with Obesity Experience Different Age-Related Changes in Plantar Pressure Distributions: A Follow-Up Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-10, September.

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