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Interactive Effects between Chronic Lead Exposure and the Homeostatic Iron Regulator Transport HFE Polymorphism on the Human Red Blood Cell Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Author

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  • Chien-Juan Chen

    (Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Ting-Yi Lin

    (Master Program of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Chao-Ling Wang

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Chi-Kung Ho

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Hung-Yi Chuang

    (Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Hsin-Su Yu

    (Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

Abstract

Research has shown that long-term exposure to lead harms the hematological system. The homeostatic iron regulator HFE (hemochromatosis) mutation, which has been shown to affect iron absorption and iron overload, is hypothesized to be related to lead intoxication in vulnerable individuals. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the HFE genotype modifies the blood lead levels that affect the distributions of serum iron and other red blood cell indices. Overall, 121 lead workers and 117 unexposed age-matched subjects were recruited for the study. The collected data included the blood lead levels, complete blood count, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin, and ferritin, which were measured during regular physical examinations. All subjects filled out questionnaires that included demographic information, medical history, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. HFE genotyping for C282Y and H63D was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). The mean blood lead level in lead workers was 19.75 µg/dL and was 2.86 µg/dL in unexposed subjects. Of 238 subjects, 221 (92.9%) subjects were wild-type (CCHH) for HFE C282Y and H63D, and 17 (7.1%) subjects were heterozygous for a H63D mutation (CCHD). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood lead was significantly negatively associated with hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), whereas the HFE variant was associated negatively with MCV and positively with ferritin. An interactive influence on MCV was identified between blood lead and HFE variants. Our research found a significant modifying effect of the HFE variant, which possibly affected MCV. The HFE H63D heterozygous (CCHD) variant seemed to provide a protective factor against lead toxicity. Future studies should focus on competing binding proteins between iron and lead influenced by gene variation.

Suggested Citation

  • Chien-Juan Chen & Ting-Yi Lin & Chao-Ling Wang & Chi-Kung Ho & Hung-Yi Chuang & Hsin-Su Yu, 2019. "Interactive Effects between Chronic Lead Exposure and the Homeostatic Iron Regulator Transport HFE Polymorphism on the Human Red Blood Cell Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-9, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:354-:d:201064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wright, R.O. & Shannon, M.W. & Wright, R.J. & Hu, H., 1999. "Association between iron deficiency and low-level lead poisoning in an urban primary care clinic," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(7), pages 1049-1053.
    2. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, 2018. "Hepatobiliary Related Outcomes in US Adults Exposed to Lead," 2018 Stata Conference 81, Stata Users Group.
    3. Jennifer A. Smith & Wei Zhao & Kalyn Yasutake & Carmella August & Scott M. Ratliff & Jessica D. Faul & Eric Boerwinkle & Aravinda Chakravarti & Ana V. Diez Roux & Yan Gao & Michael E. Griswold & Gerar, 2017. "Gene-by-Psychosocial Factor Interactions Influence Diastolic Blood Pressure in European and African Ancestry Populations: Meta-Analysis of Four Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, December.
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