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Mediating Effect of Cognitive Social Capital on the Relationship Between Physical Disability and Depression in Elderly People of Rural Pakistan

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  • Azam Tariq

    (Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Tian Beihai

    (Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Sajjad Ali

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Nadeem Abbas

    (Institute of Social & Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Aasir Ilyas

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract

Cognitive social capital is crucial for mental wellbeing and physical disability in order to avoid late-life depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of cognitive social capital (interpersonal trust and reciprocity) on the relationship between physical disability and depression in elderly people of rural Pakistan. For this purpose, 146 respondents aged 60 years or above and residents of rural areas of district Muzaffargarh (Punjab, Pakistan) were approached for data collection. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, marital status, family system, living status, household income, and number of chronic diseases); the geriatric depressive symptoms scale (GDS-15) was used to measure depression, physical disability was evaluated through ADL and IADL scales, and cognitive social capital, which includes interpersonal trust and reciprocity, was measured using single-item questions. It was found that interpersonal trust, reciprocity, depression, and physical disability were significantly correlated with each other and physical disability was directly associated with depression. In mediation analysis, reciprocity mediated the relationship between physical disability and depression. Our findings highlight the need to enhance cognitive social capital interventions and develop policies to promote mental and physical health of rural elderly.

Suggested Citation

  • Azam Tariq & Tian Beihai & Sajjad Ali & Nadeem Abbas & Aasir Ilyas, 2019. "Mediating Effect of Cognitive Social Capital on the Relationship Between Physical Disability and Depression in Elderly People of Rural Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4232-:d:282257
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    1. Patricia Bonilla-Sierra & Ana-Magdalena Vargas-Martínez & Viviana Davalos-Batallas & Fatima Leon-Larios & Maria-de-las-Mercedes Lomas-Campos, 2020. "Chronic Diseases and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Loja, Ecuador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Azam Tariq & Tian Beihai & Nadeem Abbas & Sajjad Ali & Wang Yao & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "Role of Perceived Social Support on the Association between Physical Disability and Symptoms of Depression in Senior Citizens of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Hwa-Young Lee & So Young Kim & Kyoung Eun Yeob & Yeon Yong Kim & Jong-Hyock Park, 2023. "Nationwide trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and their correlates among adults with disabilities in Korea from 2006 to 2017," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(7), pages 1670-1681, November.

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