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Measuring the Impacts of Water Safety Plans in the Asia-Pacific Region

Author

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  • Emily Kumpel

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
    The Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 21862-00505, Nairobi, Kenya
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Caroline Delaire

    (The Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 21862-00505, Nairobi, Kenya
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Rachel Peletz

    (The Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 5502, Santa Cruz, CA 95063, USA)

  • Joyce Kisiangani

    (The Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 21862-00505, Nairobi, Kenya)

  • Angella Rinehold

    (World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • Jennifer De France

    (World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • David Sutherland

    (World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, New Delhi 110002, India)

  • Ranjiv Khush

    (The Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 5502, Santa Cruz, CA 95063, USA)

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of Water Safety Plans (WSP) implemented in 99 water supply systems across 12 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. An impact assessment methodology including 36 indicators was developed based on a conceptual framework proposed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and before/after data were collected between November 2014 and June 2016. WSPs were associated with infrastructure improvements at the vast majority (82) of participating sites and to increased financial support at 37 sites. In addition, significant changes were observed in operations and management practices, number of water safety-related meetings, unaccounted-for water, water quality testing activities, and monitoring of consumer satisfaction. However, the study also revealed challenges in the implementation of WSPs, including financial constraints and insufficient capacity. Finally, this study provided an opportunity to test the impact assessment methodology itself, and a series of recommendations are made to improve the approach (indicators, study design, data collection methods) for evaluating WSPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily Kumpel & Caroline Delaire & Rachel Peletz & Joyce Kisiangani & Angella Rinehold & Jennifer De France & David Sutherland & Ranjiv Khush, 2018. "Measuring the Impacts of Water Safety Plans in the Asia-Pacific Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:6:p:1223-:d:151677
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303686_5 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Benjamin-Chung, J. & Sultana, S. & Halder, A.K. & Ahsan, M.A. & Arnold, B.F. & Hubbard, A.E. & Unicomb, L. & Luby, S.P. & Colford, J.M., 2017. "Scaling up a water, sanitation, and hygiene program in rural Bangladesh: The role of program implementation," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(5), pages 694-701.
    3. Rachel Peletz & Emily Kumpel & Mateyo Bonham & Zarah Rahman & Ranjiv Khush, 2016. "To What Extent is Drinking Water Tested in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Comparative Analysis of Regulated Water Quality Monitoring," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Robert Bain & Ryan Cronk & Jim Wright & Hong Yang & Tom Slaymaker & Jamie Bartram, 2014. "Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-23, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Levallois & Cristina M. Villanueva, 2019. "Drinking Water Quality and Human Health: An Editorial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-4, February.
    2. Jo Herschan & Bettina Rickert & Theresa Mkandawire & Kenan Okurut & Richard King & Susan J. Hughes & Dan J. Lapworth & Katherine Pond, 2020. "Success Factors for Water Safety Plan Implementation in Small Drinking Water Supplies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Christopher Kanyesigye & Sara J. Marks & Juliet Nakanjako & Frank Kansiime & Giuliana Ferrero, 2019. "Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-17, October.

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