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Life Course Effects of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwan Adults

Author

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  • Chen-Mao Liao

    (Department of Applied Statistics and Information Science, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Ming Lin

    (Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, Teh-Ming Rd., Gwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

Abstract

The objective of the study was to explore the dynamic effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle behaviors on the risks of metabolic syndrome (MS) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in life course. The data of 12,825 subjects (6616 males and 6209 females) who underwent repeated examinations and answered repeated questionnaires from 2006 to 2014 at the Major Health Screening Center in Taiwan, was collected and analyzed. The trajectory of trends in the subjects’ SES and lifestyle mobility over time was observed, and the effects of factors with potential impacts on health were tested and analyzed using multiple logistic regression and a generalized estimated equation model. A 10% increase in MS prevalence was observed over the nine-year period. The average Framingham CVD score for people with MS was estimated to be about 1.4% (SD = 1.5%). Except for middle-aged women, marriage was found to raise the risk of CVD, whereas increasing education and work promotions independently reduced CVD risk for the majority of subjects. However, the risk of CVD was raised by half for young men who had a job or lost a job in comparison to continuously unemployed young men. Physical activity was only found to be advantageous for disease prevention in those aged less than 40 years; increased exercise levels were useless for reducing CVD risk among older men. Alcohol drinking and betel chewing caused increased CVD risk in the old and young subjects, respectively, whereas vegetarian diets and vitamin C/E intake were helpful in preventing CVD, even if those habits were ceased in later life. For middle-aged women, getting sufficient sleep reduced CVD risk. We concluded that SES and lifestyle behaviors may have different effects on health over time, among various populations. Accordingly, suggestions can be provided to healthcare workers in designing health promotion courses for people at different life stages.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen-Mao Liao & Chih-Ming Lin, 2018. "Life Course Effects of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwan Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2178-:d:173832
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    Cited by:

    1. Ming-Shu Chen & Shih-Hsin Chen, 2018. "A Data-Driven Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome Criteria for Adult Health Management in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Mao-Hung Liao & Ying-Ching Lai & Chih-Ming Lin, 2022. "Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hospital-Based Repeated Measures Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Jung-Ha Lee & Seung-Kyoo Yi & Se-Yeon Kim & Ji-Soo Kim & Han-Na Kim & Seung-Hwa Jeong & Jin-Bom Kim, 2019. "Factors Related to the Number of Existing Teeth among Korean Adults Aged 55–79 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-11, October.
    4. Chih-Ming Lin, 2020. "An Application of Metabolic Syndrome Severity Scores in the Lifestyle Risk Assessment of Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    5. Ching-Yuan Lin & Chih-Ming Lin, 2020. "Occupational Assessments of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Labors: An Application of Metabolic Syndrome Scoring Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    6. Feng-Hsu Wang & Chih-Ming Lin, 2020. "The Utility of Artificial Neural Networks for the Non-Invasive Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome Based on Personal Characteristics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-10, December.

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