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The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia

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  • Jennifer McCrindle

    (Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia)

  • Donna Green

    (Climate Change Research Centre and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia)

  • Marianne Sullivan

    (Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA)

Abstract

The associations between environmental lead exposure and high school educational outcomes in four communities located in New South Wales, Australia, were examined in this ecological study. A mixed model analysis was performed to account for each school’s results being more similar than results for other schools. The effect of environmental lead exposure on mean results for five educational outcomes was examined. ‘Leaded’ schools with more than five per cent of students living in the highest lead risk areas were tested against non-leaded ‘comparison’ schools that were matched by a pre-defined socio-educational advantage rating. A small disadvantage was found for leaded schools for four out of five outcomes, which was statistically significant for three outcomes: Higher School Certificate English ( p < 0.01), School Certificate Mathematics ( p < 0.05), and Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank eligibility rate ( p < 0.01). This study adds to the large body of evidence in Australia and elsewhere supporting the importance of primary prevention to protect health at multiple stages of development.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer McCrindle & Donna Green & Marianne Sullivan, 2017. "The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1395-:d:119107
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, N. & Baker, H.W. & Tufts, M. & Raymond, R.E. & Salihu, H. & Elliott, M.R., 2013. "Early childhood lead exposure and academic achievement: Evidence from detroit public schools, 2008-2010," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(3), pages 72-77.
    2. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
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