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Prevalence of Anemia and its Associated Factors among Chinese 9-, 12-, and 14-Year-Old Children: Results from 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health

Author

Listed:
  • Zhaogeng Yang

    (Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dsictrict, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Yanhui Li

    (Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dsictrict, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Peijin Hu

    (Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dsictrict, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Jun Ma

    (Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dsictrict, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Yi Song

    (Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dsictrict, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract

Background: Anemia has been one of the main nutritional challenges around the world. Not enough attention has been paid to this issue in children and adolescents in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year old Chinese children and investigate the associated factors of anemia. Methods: Data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 26 provinces and 4 municipalities in mainland China. A total of 48,537 children aged 9, 12, and 14 years old were included in data analyses. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to obtain information about height and weight. Capillary blood was collected from the fingertip, and hemoglobin concentration was tested by HemoCue201+. Information about sleep duration, daily consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The mixed-effects logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between selected variables and risk of anemia. Results: A total of 8.4% of participants were identified as being anemic; and the prevalence was higher in girls and rural children. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that children who were overweight, obese, and consumed eggs and milk every day had a lower risk of anemia. Spermarche, overweight/obesity, and having milk every day were associated with lower risk of anemia in boys, while menarche was found to be a risk factor and eating eggs every day to be a protective factor of anemia in girls. Conclusions: Anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year-old children is still high. Intervention programs of adding egg and milk into school daily diet might contribute to reducing anemia in Chinese school aged children, especially for those living in rural areas or girls with menarche.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhaogeng Yang & Yanhui Li & Peijin Hu & Jun Ma & Yi Song, 2020. "Prevalence of Anemia and its Associated Factors among Chinese 9-, 12-, and 14-Year-Old Children: Results from 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1474-:d:324844
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jinghuan Wu & Yichun Hu & Min Li & Jing Chen & Deqiao Mao & Weidong Li & Rui Wang & Yanhua Yang & Jianhua Piao & Lichen Yang & Xiaoguang Yang, 2019. "Prevalence of Anemia in Chinese Children and Adolescents and Its Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
    3. Marita Crivelli & Kaspar Wyss & Leticia Grize & Barbara Matthys & Thomas Aebi & Elisabeth Zemp, 2018. "Are overweight and obesity in children risk factors for anemia in early childhood? Results from a national nutrition survey in Tajikistan," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(4), pages 491-499, May.
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