IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i7p1789-d1626828.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hydrogen SWOT Analysis of Poland’s Energy Transition

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Brusiło

    (Faculty of Economics and Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Adam Węgrzyn

    (Faculty of Economics and Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Andrzej Graczyk

    (Faculty of Economics and Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk

    (Faculty of Economics and Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of utilizing hydrogen as a renewable fuel of non-biological origin (RFNBO) in Poland’s energy transition. Given Poland’s reliance on fossil fuels, its deep decarbonization poses socio-economic and infrastructural challenges. This study examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with integrating hydrogen as an RFNBO fuel into Poland’s energy mix, focusing on economic, regulatory, technological, and social factors. The strengths identified include potential energy independence from fossil fuels, increased investment, and hydrogen’s applicability in hard-to-abate sectors. Weaknesses involve a low share of renewable hydrogen in the energy mix and the need for infrastructure development. Opportunities arise from European Union policies, technological advancements, and global trends favoring renewable hydrogen adoption. Threats encompass high production costs, regulatory uncertainties, and competition from other energy carriers. The analysis concludes that while hydrogen as an RFNBO fuel offers potential for decarbonizing Poland’s energy mix, realizing this potential requires large-scale investments, a supportive regulatory framework, and technological innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Brusiło & Adam Węgrzyn & Andrzej Graczyk & Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk, 2025. "Hydrogen SWOT Analysis of Poland’s Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1789-:d:1626828
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1789/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1789/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lidia Gawlik & Eugeniusz Mokrzycki, 2021. "Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Marco Siddi & Federica Prandin, 2023. "Governing the EU’s Energy Crisis: The European Commission’s Geopolitical Turn and its Pitfalls," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 11(4), pages 286-296.
    3. Brauers, Hanna & Oei, Pao-Yu, 2020. "The political economy of coal in Poland: Drivers and barriers for a shift away from fossil fuels," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 144.
    4. Brauers, Hanna & Oei, Pao-Yu, 2020. "The political economy of coal in Poland: Drivers and barriers for a shift away from fossil fuels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Cardinale, Roberto, 2023. "From natural gas to green hydrogen: Developing and repurposing transnational energy infrastructure connecting North Africa to Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    6. Marco Siddi & Federica Prandin, 2023. "Governing the EU’s Energy Crisis: The European Commission’s Geopolitical Turn and its Pitfalls," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 11(4), pages 286-296.
    7. Jan L. Bednarczyk & Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup & Sławomir Luściński, 2022. "Opportunities and Limitations of Hydrogen Energy in Poland against the Background of the European Union Energy Policy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Henryk Wojtaszek & Dariusz Budrowski & Ireneusz Miciuła & Anna Kowalczyk & Irena Malinowska & Bartosz Błaszczak & Aneta Pawlińska & Adam Stecyk & Anna Bielawa & Sławomir Ozdyk, 2025. "Cultural Identity and Social Norms as Drivers of the Low-Carbon Transition: A Comparative Study of Poland and Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-27, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mączka, Krzysztof & Bodnar-Potopnyk, Olena & Matczak, Piotr & Takacs, Viktoria, 2025. "Are Poland and Hungary pushed toward or pulled by energy transition? A narrative analysis of experts' views," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    2. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak, 2021. "Methods of Ensuring Energy Security with the Use of Hard Coal—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Tarasova, Ekaterina, 2024. "Multiple just transitions? A study of how a just transition is envisioned in Poland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    4. Kateryna Redko & Olena Borychenko & Anatolii Cherniavskyi & Volodymyr Saienko & Serhii Dudnikov, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Innovative Development Strategies of Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine and the EU Countries: International Experience," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 301-308, March.
    5. Piotr F. Borowski, 2022. "Management of Energy Enterprises in Zero-Emission Conditions: Bamboo as an Innovative Biomass for the Production of Green Energy by Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Nachatter Singh Garha, 2022. "From Decarbonization to Depopulation: An Emerging Challenge for the Carbon-Intensive Regions under the Energy Transition in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    7. Mariusz Pyra, 2023. "Simulation of the Progress of the Decarbonization Process in Poland’s Road Transport Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Patrycjusz Zarębski & Dominik Katarzyński, 2023. "A Theoretical Framework for a Local Energy Innovation System Based on the Renewable Energy Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, April.
    9. Furmankiewicz, Marek & Hewitt, Richard J. & Kazak, Jan K., 2021. "Can rural stakeholders drive the low-carbon transition? Analysis of climate-related activities planned in local development strategies in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    10. Oskar Juszczyk & Juliusz Juszczyk & Sławomir Juszczyk & Josu Takala, 2022. "Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-14, January.
    11. Edoardo Bressanelli & David Natali, 2023. "Tested by the Polycrisis: Reforming or Transforming the EU?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 11(4), pages 246-251.
    12. Daniel Baron & Walter Bartl, 2024. "The Coal Phase-Out in Germany and Its Regional Impact on Economic Worries," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, June.
    13. Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka & Hubert Gąsiński & Joanna Rogozińska-Mitrut & Dariusz Soboń & Sebastian Zupok, 2023. "Review of Selected Aspects of Wind Energy Market Development in Poland and Lithuania in the Face of Current Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.
    14. Piotr Bórawski & Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska & Lisa Holden & Tomasz Rokicki, 2022. "The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Electricity Production in Poland and the Background of Energy Policy of the European Union at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Crisis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    15. Valeria Jana Schwanitz & Tadeusz Józef Rudek & Wit Hubert & August Hubert Wierling, 2022. "The Development of Citizen-Installed Renewable Energy Capacities in Former Eastern Bloc Countries—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-29, April.
    16. Gyula Nagy & Soma Ádám Heiner & Zoltán Kovács, 2025. "Exploring the Presence and Absence of Academic Discourse on Public Participation in the European Green Deal: A Central and Eastern European Perspective," Societies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-24, February.
    17. Zbysław Dobrowolski & Peter Adamišin & Arkadiusz Babczuk & Sławomir Kotylak, 2025. "Towards a Green Transformation: Legal Barriers to Onshore Wind Farm Construction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-17, March.
    18. Wiktor Hebda & Matúš Mišík, 2024. "In Search of Energy Security: Nuclear Energy Development in the Visegrad Group Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-21, October.
    19. Cormac Lynch & Yeliz Simsek & Jean-Francois Mercure & Panagiotis Fragkos & Julien Lefèvre & Thomas Le Gallic & Kostas Fragkiadakis & Leonidas Paroussos & Dimitris Fragkiadakis & Florian Leblanc & Femk, 2024. "Structural change and socio-economic disparities in a net zero transition," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 607-629, October.
    20. Wilhelm Jan Tic & Joanna Guziałowska-Tic, 2023. "A System of Improving Energy and Ecological Efficiency, Using the Example of Fuel Oil Combustion in Power Plant Boilers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1789-:d:1626828. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.