IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i5p1041-d1596391.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Next Generation of Electric Vehicles: AI-Driven Approaches for Predictive Maintenance and Battery Management

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammed Cavus

    (Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8SA, UK)

  • Dilum Dissanayake

    (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; d.dissanayake@bham.ac.uk)

  • Margaret Bell

    (School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

Abstract

This review explores recent advancements in electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in battery management systems (BMSs) and system control technologies. While EVs are integral to sustainable transportation, challenges remain in optimising battery longevity, energy efficiency, and safety. AI-driven techniques—such as machine learning (ML), neural networks (NNs), and reinforcement learning (RL)—enhance battery state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) predictions, as well as temperature regulation, offering superior accuracy over traditional methods. Additionally, AI-powered control frameworks optimise energy distribution, regenerative braking, and power allocation under varying driving conditions. Deep RL enables adaptive, self-learning capabilities that improve energy efficiency and extend battery life, even in dynamic environments. This review also examines the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics in EV systems, enabling predictive maintenance and fleet-level optimisation. By analysing these advancements, this paper highlights AI’s pivotal role in shaping next-generation, energy-efficient EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammed Cavus & Dilum Dissanayake & Margaret Bell, 2025. "Next Generation of Electric Vehicles: AI-Driven Approaches for Predictive Maintenance and Battery Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-41, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1041-:d:1596391
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1041/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1041/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ma, Guijun & Zhang, Yong & Cheng, Cheng & Zhou, Beitong & Hu, Pengchao & Yuan, Ye, 2019. "Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on false nearest neighbors and a hybrid neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Zahid, Taimoor & Xu, Kun & Li, Weimin & Li, Chenming & Li, Hongzhe, 2018. "State of charge estimation for electric vehicle power battery using advanced machine learning algorithm under diversified drive cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 871-882.
    3. Muhammad Umair Ali & Amad Zafar & Sarvar Hussain Nengroo & Sadam Hussain & Gwan-Soo Park & Hee-Je Kim, 2019. "Online Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Partial Discharge Data Features," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Muhammed Cavus & Adib Allahham, 2024. "Enhanced Microgrid Control through Genetic Predictive Control: Integrating Genetic Algorithms with Model Predictive Control for Improved Non-Linearity and Non-Convexity Handling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Patil, Meru A. & Tagade, Piyush & Hariharan, Krishnan S. & Kolake, Subramanya M. & Song, Taewon & Yeo, Taejung & Doo, Seokgwang, 2015. "A novel multistage Support Vector Machine based approach for Li ion battery remaining useful life estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 285-297.
    6. Cavus, Muhammed & Allahham, Adib & Adhikari, Kabita & Giaouris, Damian, 2024. "A hybrid method based on logic predictive controller for flexible hybrid microgrid with plug-and-play capabilities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    7. Ethelbert Ezemobi & Andrea Tonoli & Mario Silvagni, 2021. "Battery State of Health Estimation with Improved Generalization Using Parallel Layer Extreme Learning Machine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    8. Siyi Tao & Bo Jiang & Xuezhe Wei & Haifeng Dai, 2023. "A Systematic and Comparative Study of Distinct Recurrent Neural Networks for Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, February.
    9. Gautam Patil & Gayatri Pode & Boucar Diouf & Ramchandra Pode, 2024. "Sustainable Decarbonization of Road Transport: Policies, Current Status, and Challenges of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-41, September.
    10. Wenxian Duan & Chuanxue Song & Silun Peng & Feng Xiao & Yulong Shao & Shixin Song, 2020. "An Improved Gated Recurrent Unit Network Model for State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    11. Ruifeng Zhang & Bizhong Xia & Baohua Li & Libo Cao & Yongzhi Lai & Weiwei Zheng & Huawen Wang & Wei Wang, 2018. "State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-36, July.
    12. Wen Wang & Jiaqi Chen & Yi Pan & Ye Yang & Junjie Hu, 2023. "A Two-Stage Scheduling Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-17, November.
    13. Qi Wang & Chen Wang & Xingcan Li & Tian Gao, 2023. "Cascade Active Balance Charging of Electric Vehicle Power Battery Based on Model Prediction Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    14. Mitra Pooyandeh & Insoo Sohn, 2023. "Smart Lithium-Ion Battery Monitoring in Electric Vehicles: An AI-Empowered Digital Twin Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-37, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mehta, Rohit & Gupta, Amit, 2024. "Mathematical modelling of electrochemical, thermal and degradation processes in lithium-ion cells—A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Ma’d El-Dalahmeh & Maher Al-Greer & Mo’ath El-Dalahmeh & Michael Short, 2020. "Time-Frequency Image Analysis and Transfer Learning for Capacity Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Li, Chuan & Zhang, Huahua & Ding, Ping & Yang, Shuai & Bai, Yun, 2023. "Deep feature extraction in lifetime prognostics of lithium-ion batteries: Advances, challenges and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    4. Feng, Zhanyu & Zhang, Jian & Jiang, Han & Yao, Xuejian & Qian, Yu & Zhang, Haiyan, 2024. "Energy consumption prediction strategy for electric vehicle based on LSTM-transformer framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Jun Peng & Zhiyong Zheng & Xiaoyong Zhang & Kunyuan Deng & Kai Gao & Heng Li & Bin Chen & Yingze Yang & Zhiwu Huang, 2020. "A Data-Driven Method with Feature Enhancement and Adaptive Optimization for Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-20, February.
    6. Shu, Xing & Li, Guang & Shen, Jiangwei & Lei, Zhenzhen & Chen, Zheng & Liu, Yonggang, 2020. "A uniform estimation framework for state of health of lithium-ion batteries considering feature extraction and parameters optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    7. Shaheer Ansari & Afida Ayob & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Aini Hussain & Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, 2021. "Data-Driven Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Multi-Charging Profile Framework: A Recurrent Neural Network Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Ethelbert Ezemobi & Mario Silvagni & Ahmad Mozaffari & Andrea Tonoli & Amir Khajepour, 2022. "State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles under Dynamic Load Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Yang, Yixin, 2021. "A machine-learning prediction method of lithium-ion battery life based on charge process for different applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    10. Zhipeng Jing & Lipo Gao & Yu Mu & Dong Liang, 2024. "Flexibility-Constrained Energy Storage System Placement for Flexible Interconnected Distribution Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-17, October.
    11. Hong, Joonki & Lee, Dongheon & Jeong, Eui-Rim & Yi, Yung, 2020. "Towards the swift prediction of the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries with end-to-end deep learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    12. Wang, Cong & Chen, Yunxia, 2024. "Unsupervised dynamic prognostics for abnormal degradation of lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    13. Shaheer Ansari & Afida Ayob & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Aini Hussain & Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, 2021. "Multi-Channel Profile Based Artificial Neural Network Approach for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    14. Chen, Dinghong & Zhang, Weige & Zhang, Caiping & Sun, Bingxiang & Cong, XinWei & Wei, Shaoyuan & Jiang, Jiuchun, 2022. "A novel deep learning-based life prediction method for lithium-ion batteries with strong generalization capability under multiple cycle profiles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    15. He, Guannan & Ciez, Rebecca & Moutis, Panayiotis & Kar, Soummya & Whitacre, Jay F., 2020. "The economic end of life of electrochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    16. Ma, Qiuhui & Zheng, Ying & Yang, Weidong & Zhang, Yong & Zhang, Hong, 2021. "Remaining useful life prediction of lithium battery based on capacity regeneration point detection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    17. Lidang Jiang & Qingsong Huang & Ge He, 2024. "Predicting the Remaining Useful Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using 10 Random Data Points and a Flexible Parallel Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-20, April.
    18. Kuo Yang & Yugui Tang & Zhen Zhang, 2021. "Parameter Identification and State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Separated Time Scales and Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    19. Pang, Hui & Chen, Kaiqiang & Geng, Yuanfei & Wu, Longxing & Wang, Fengbin & Liu, Jiahao, 2024. "Accurate capacity and remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on improved particle swarm optimization and particle filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    20. Fei, Zicheng & Yang, Fangfang & Tsui, Kwok-Leung & Li, Lishuai & Zhang, Zijun, 2021. "Early prediction of battery lifetime via a machine learning based framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1041-:d:1596391. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.