Clustering EU Member States by Energy Security Level Using Kohonen Maps

The topic of energy security is relevant for EU countries that pay great attention to new renewable energy sources and sustainable environmental development. The purpose of the article is to analyze and group EU countries by their level of energy security. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods and Kohonen maps (Deductor Studio package) were used. This article analyzes the state of energy security in EU countries, energy imports, the development of renewable energy sources, energy consumption, and energy security challenges. As a result of grouping EU countries according to Kohonen maps, three clusters were identified: countries with high, medium, and relatively low levels of energy security. The approach demonstrated the effectiveness of neural network-based clustering in revealing structural differences in national energy systems. The findings indicate that to strengthen energy security across the European Union, it is important to adopt differentiated approaches tailored to the specific needs of each cluster. The practical significance of the article lies in clustering EU countries by their energy security potential, which provides a basis for developing and implementing appropriate policies to enhance energy security. Recommendations for strengthening energy security were proposed for each cluster.