IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i16p4295-d1722887.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Icing Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Strain Ratio Index

Author

Listed:
  • Yadi Tian

    (Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
    China-Road Transportation Verification & Inspection Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China)

  • Zhaohui Zhang

    (CCCC Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Beijing 100010, China)

  • Xiaojing Wang

    (China-Road Transportation Verification & Inspection Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China)

  • Wanheng Li

    (Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China)

  • Yang Xu

    (School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
    Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China)

Abstract

In cold regions, the power generation efficiency of wind turbines is affected by blade icing. Heavy icing on blades will change the aerodynamic configuration of the blades and can even cause blades to crack or break. Therefore, monitoring and deicing technologies are important for the safe operation of wind turbines. This study proposes a novel strain ratio index based on mechanical analysis of icing, which causes the neutral axis shift and different strain ratio change between waving and shimmy directions. Data from the 5 kW wind turbine blade model in a low-temperature laboratory and the 1.5 MW full-scale field wind turbine monitoring over 1 year are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed strain ratio index and icing detection criteria are derived from mechanical analysis with clear interpretability while reducing ambiguity from structural damage. The relationship between the strain ratio index and ice thickness is quantified through laboratory tests and validated by field applications, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness under complex real-world service scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Yadi Tian & Zhaohui Zhang & Xiaojing Wang & Wanheng Li & Yang Xu, 2025. "Icing Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Strain Ratio Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-24, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:16:p:4295-:d:1722887
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/16/4295/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/16/4295/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leidy Tatiana Contreras Montoya & Santiago Lain & Adrian Ilinca, 2022. "A Review on the Estimation of Power Loss Due to Icing in Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-26, February.
    2. Gao, Linyue & Tao, Tao & Liu, Yongqian & Hu, Hui, 2021. "A field study of ice accretion and its effects on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 917-928.
    3. Ye, Feng & Ezzat, Ahmed Aziz, 2024. "Icing detection and prediction for wind turbines using multivariate sensor data and machine learning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    4. Eleni Douvi & Dimitra Douvi, 2023. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-43, November.
    5. Cheng, Xu & Shi, Fan & Liu, Yongping & Liu, Xiufeng & Huang, Lizhen, 2022. "Wind turbine blade icing detection: a federated learning approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    6. Ivan Kabardin & Sergey Dvoynishnikov & Maxim Gordienko & Sergey Kakaulin & Vadim Ledovsky & Grigoriy Gusev & Vladislav Zuev & Valery Okulov, 2021. "Optical Methods for Measuring Icing of Wind Turbine Blades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-14, October.
    7. Dalili, N. & Edrisy, A. & Carriveau, R., 2009. "A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 428-438, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sergio Campobasso, M. & Castorrini, Alessio & Ortolani, Andrea & Minisci, Edmondo, 2023. "Probabilistic analysis of wind turbine performance degradation due to blade erosion accounting for uncertainty of damage geometry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    2. Liu, W.Y. & Zhang, W.H. & Han, J.G. & Wang, G.F., 2012. "A new wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on the local mean decomposition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 411-415.
    3. Peng, Weike & Gao, Jiaxin & Chen, Yuntian & Wang, Shengwei, 2024. "Bridging data barriers among participants: Assessing the potential of geoenergy through federated learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    4. Cuesta, Jokin & Leturiondo, Urko & Vidal, Yolanda & Pozo, Francesc, 2025. "A review of prognostics and health management techniques in wind energy," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    5. Tang, Baoping & Liu, Wenyi & Song, Tao, 2010. "Wind turbine fault diagnosis based on Morlet wavelet transformation and Wigner-Ville distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2862-2866.
    6. Kumarasamy Palanimuthu & Ganesh Mayilsamy & Ameerkhan Abdul Basheer & Seong-Ryong Lee & Dongran Song & Young Hoon Joo, 2022. "A Review of Recent Aerodynamic Power Extraction Challenges in Coordinated Pitch, Yaw, and Torque Control of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-27, November.
    7. Miguel Moreira & Frederico Rodrigues & Sílvio Cândido & Guilherme Santos & José Páscoa, 2023. "Development of a Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) System for Thermal Characterization of Flow Induced by Plasma Actuators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.
    8. Moura Carneiro, F.O. & Barbosa Rocha, H.H. & Costa Rocha, P.A., 2013. "Investigation of possible societal risk associated with wind power generation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 30-36.
    9. Chen, Bingyang & Zeng, Xingjie & Zhang, Weishan & Fan, Lulu & Cao, Shaohua & Zhou, Jiehan, 2023. "Knowledge sharing-based multi-block federated learning for few-shot oil layer identification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    10. Da-Woon Jung & Chung-Won Seo & Young-Chan Lim & Dong-Sun Kim & Seung-Yul Lee & Hyun-Kyu Suh, 2023. "Analysis of Flow Characteristics of a Debris Filter in a Condenser Tube Cleaning System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-15, June.
    11. Fakorede, Oloufemi & Feger, Zoé & Ibrahim, Hussein & Ilinca, Adrian & Perron, Jean & Masson, Christian, 2016. "Ice protection systems for wind turbines in cold climate: characteristics, comparisons and analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 662-675.
    12. Son, Chankyu & Kelly, Mark & Kim, Taeseong, 2021. "Boundary-layer transition model for icing simulations of rotating wind turbine blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 172-183.
    13. Yang Ji & Jinxiao Wang & Haiming Wen & Chenyang Liu & Yang Liu & Dayong Zhang, 2025. "Impact of Blade Ice Coverage on Wind Turbine Power Generation Efficiency: A Combined CFD and Wind Tunnel Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-22, June.
    14. Yan Li & He Shen & Wenfeng Guo, 2021. "Simulation and Experimental Study on the Ultrasonic Micro-Vibration De-Icing Method for Wind Turbine Blades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    15. Wang, Bingkai & Sun, Wenlei & Wang, Hongwei & Xu, Tiantian & Zou, Yi, 2024. "Research on rapid calculation method of wind turbine blade strain for digital twin," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    16. Zhao, Zhen-yu & Ling, Wen-jun & Zillante, George & Zuo, Jian, 2012. "Comparative assessment of performance of foreign and local wind turbine manufacturers in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 424-432.
    17. Ziemowit Malecha, 2022. "Risks for a Successful Transition to a Net-Zero Emissions Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-4, June.
    18. Alessio Castorrini & Paolo Venturini & Aldo Bonfiglioli, 2022. "Generation of Surface Maps of Erosion Resistance for Wind Turbine Blades under Rain Flows," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
    19. Chang Cai & Jicai Guo & Xiaowen Song & Yanfeng Zhang & Jianxin Wu & Shufeng Tang & Yan Jia & Zhitai Xing & Qing’an Li, 2023. "Review of Data-Driven Approaches for Wind Turbine Blade Icing Detection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    20. Gao, Linyue & Liu, Yang & Zhou, Wenwu & Hu, Hui, 2019. "An experimental study on the aerodynamic performance degradation of a wind turbine blade model induced by ice accretion process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 663-675.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:16:p:4295-:d:1722887. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.