Digital Twin Technology and Energy Sustainability in China: A Regional and Spatial Perspective

This study aims to explore the role and impact of digital twin technology in enhancing the sustainable development of the energy industry so as to analyze how digital twin technology facilitates urban sustainability. Using data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China over the twelve-year period from 2013 to 2024, the study employs methods such as the entropy method, kernel density analysis, and spatial econometric models to conduct an in-depth analysis of improvements in energy efficiency. The findings indicate that digital twin technology plays a significant role in promoting the sustainable development of the energy industry. Furthermore, China is divided into four regions—eastern, central, western, and northeastern—for a comparative analysis, revealing regional differences in the relationship between the application level of digital twin technology and sustainable development of the energy industry. To effectively apply digital twin technology in this context, it is recommended to establish comprehensive digital twin models and intelligent decision-making systems for accurate energy monitoring and efficient management decisions. The results reveal that while digital twin technology enhances energy efficiency and promotes sustainable development overall, significant regional imbalances persist. The eastern region shows the highest integration level and performance, while the western and northeastern regions lag behind. In response, the study proposes tailored regional strategies, including the development of scalable digital twin technology, integrated data platforms, and strengthened governance mechanisms to enhance digital coordination and ensure data security. This research provides new empirical evidence and strategic guidance for leveraging digital twin technology in promoting low-carbon and sustainable urban energy systems.