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Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality

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  • Tianlong Lan

    (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China)

  • Jiarui Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China)

  • Luliang He

    (Hangzhou Applied Acoustics Research Institute, Hangzhou 310012, China)

  • Peng Qian

    (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
    Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China)

  • Dahai Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
    Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China)

  • Bo Feng

    (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China)

Abstract

Reliable wave prediction plays a significant role in wave energy converter (WEC) research, but there are still prediction errors that would increase the uncertainty for the power grid and reduce the power quality. The efficiency and stability of the power take-off (PTO) system are also important research topics in WEC applications. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) method composed of a prediction error compensation controller and a PTO optimization controller. This work aims to address the limitations of existing wave prediction methods and improve the efficiency and stability of hydraulic PTO systems in WECs. By controlling the charging and discharging of the accumulator, the power quality is enhanced by reducing grid frequency fluctuations and voltage flicker through prediction error compensation. In addition, an efficient and stable hydraulic PTO system can be obtained by keeping the operation pressure of the hydraulic motor at the optimal range. Thus, smoother power output minimizes grid-balancing penalties and storage wear, and stable hydraulic pressure extends PTO component lifespan. Finally, comparative numerical simulation studies are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed method. The results validate that the dual-controller MPC framework reduces power deviations by 74.3% and increases average power generation by 31% compared to the traditional method.

Suggested Citation

  • Tianlong Lan & Jiarui Wang & Luliang He & Peng Qian & Dahai Zhang & Bo Feng, 2025. "Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:4043-:d:1712966
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Sheng, Wanan, 2019. "Wave energy conversion and hydrodynamics modelling technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 482-498.
    4. Chenhua Ni & Xiandong Ma, 2018. "Prediction of Wave Power Generation Using a Convolutional Neural Network with Multiple Inputs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
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