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State-Aware Energy Management Strategy for Marine Multi-Stack Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Fuel Cell Health

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  • Pan Geng

    (Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201308, China)

  • Jingxuan Xu

    (Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201308, China)

Abstract

To address the limitations of conventional single-stack fuel cell hybrid systems using equivalent hydrogen consumption strategies, this study proposes a multi-stack energy management strategy incorporating fuel cell health degradation. Leveraging a fuel cell efficiency decay model and lithium-ion battery cycle life assessment, power distribution is reformulated as an equivalent hydrogen consumption optimization problem with stack degradation constraints. A hybrid Genetic Algorithm–Particle Swarm Optimization (GA-PSO) approach achieves global optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the Frequency Decoupling (FD) method, the GA-PSO strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 7.03 g and operational costs by 4.78%; compared with the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, it reduces hydrogen consumption by 3.61 g per operational cycle and decreases operational costs by 2.66%. This strategy ensures stable operation of the marine power system while providing an economically viable solution for hybrid-powered vessels.

Suggested Citation

  • Pan Geng & Jingxuan Xu, 2025. "State-Aware Energy Management Strategy for Marine Multi-Stack Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Fuel Cell Health," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:3892-:d:1706876
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Chen, Hui & Zhang, Zehui & Guan, Cong & Gao, Haibo, 2020. "Optimization of sizing and frequency control in battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for fuel cell ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
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