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Energy Poverty and Its Indicators: A Multidimensional Framework from Literature

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  • Inês Teixeira

    (ALGORITMI, Production and Systems Department, University of Minho, Azurém, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Ana Cristina Ferreira

    (COMEGI, Centro em Organizações, Mercados e Gestão Industrial, Universidade Lusíada, 4760-108 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
    Metrics, Mechanic Engineering Department, University of Minho, Azurém, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Nelson Rodrigues

    (ALGORITMI, Production and Systems Department, University of Minho, Azurém, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
    COMEGI, Centro em Organizações, Mercados e Gestão Industrial, Universidade Lusíada, 4760-108 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal)

  • Senhorinha Teixeira

    (ALGORITMI, Production and Systems Department, University of Minho, Azurém, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal)

Abstract

People aim for thermal comfort inside their homes. However, this is not achievable for everyone due to several factors, such as low income, poor building envelope, expensive technology, and increased energy costs, thus leading to energy poverty. This work gathers studies regarding energy poverty and its indicators, identified by different authors and considering different regions, techno-economic, governmental, and political considerations. It was observed that renewable energy sources are a good investment in the long term but require a high initial investment. Government policy measures should be applied to mitigate the costs, especially given the increasing requirement for clean energy use in new buildings. There are still many barriers to overcoming energy poverty, and the variables for action are numerous. The best solution passes through the assessment of adequate technological solutions with economic incentives from the government for the most vulnerable individuals that should be identified by region and economic power. Energy poverty is a multidimensional problem that depends on individual characteristics such as households’ income, specific energy needs, and available technologies, as well as external factors such as energy prices, climatic conditions, and energy access. The majority of energy indicators are directly related to economic aspects, whereas social or environmental considerations are only indirectly accounted for.

Suggested Citation

  • Inês Teixeira & Ana Cristina Ferreira & Nelson Rodrigues & Senhorinha Teixeira, 2024. "Energy Poverty and Its Indicators: A Multidimensional Framework from Literature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-30, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3445-:d:1434354
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Palma, Pedro & Barrella, Roberto & Gouveia, João Pedro & Romero, José Carlos, 2024. "Comparative analysis of energy poverty definition and measurement in Portugal and Spain," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Heindl, Peter & Schuessler, Rudolf, 2015. "Dynamic properties of energy affordability measures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 123-132.
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    5. Jaime Resende & Helena Corvacho, 2021. "The nZEB Requirements for Residential Buildings: An Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Actual Energy Needs in Portuguese Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-21, July.
    6. Okushima, Shinichiro, 2017. "Gauging energy poverty: A multidimensional approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1159-1166.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kristian Fabbri, 2024. "Energy Poverty and Poor Buildings: A Brief Literature Review to Promote New Topics for Future Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Oskar Szczygieł & Adrianna Wojciechowska & Vitaliy Krupin & Iryna Skorokhod, 2024. "Regional Dimensions of Energy Poverty in Households of the Masovian Voivodeship in Poland: Genesis, Factors, Self-Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-40, December.
    3. Aner Martinez-Soto & Emily Nix & Yarela Saldias-Lagos & Daniel Ignacio Sanhueza-Catalán, 2024. "Multiple Indicator Vulnerability to Energy Poverty: Assessing Spatial Variability Across Chile," World, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Xie, Xin & Barut, Abdulkadir & Mohammed, Kamel Si & Torusdağ, Mustafa, 2024. "Empowering energy access: Exploring financial inclusion's impact on energy poverty in the fragile five economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).

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