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Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) Immersed in Fire Prevention Material for Fire Safety and Heat Management

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  • Junho Bae

    (School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Unist-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea)

  • Yunseok Choi

    (School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Unist-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea)

  • Youngsik Kim

    (School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Unist-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
    R&D Center, 4TOONE Corporation, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the most commercialized rechargeable battery technology. However, their inherent property, called thermal runaway, poses a high risk of fire. This article introduces the “Battery Immersed in Fire Prevention Material (BIF)”, the immersion-type battery in which all of the LIB cells are surrounded by a liquid agent. This structure and the agent enable active battery fire suppression under abusive conditions while facilitating improved thermal management during normal operation. Abuse tests involving a battery revealed that the LIB module experienced fire, explosions, and burnouts with the target cell reaching temperatures of 1405 °C and the side reaching 796 °C. Conversely, the BIF module exhibited a complete lack of fire propagation, with temperatures lower than those of LIBs, particularly 285 and 17 °C, respectively. Under normal operating conditions, the BIF module exhibited an average temperature rise ~8.6 times lower than that of a normal LIB. Furthermore, it reduced the uneven thermal deviation between the cells by ~5.3 times more than LIB. This study provides a detailed exploration of the BIF and covers everything from components to practical applications. With further improvements, this technology can significantly enhance fire safety and prevent the thermal degradation of batteries in the real world.

Suggested Citation

  • Junho Bae & Yunseok Choi & Youngsik Kim, 2024. "Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) Immersed in Fire Prevention Material for Fire Safety and Heat Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2418-:d:1396944
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Zhang, Xinghui & Li, Zhao & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Du, Zhengyu, 2022. "A review on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    4. Liu, Tong & Tao, Changfa & Wang, Xishi, 2020. "Cooling control effect of water mist on thermal runaway propagation in lithium ion battery modules," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    5. Huang, Zonghou & Liu, Jialong & Zhai, Hongju & Wang, Qingsong, 2021. "Experimental investigation on the characteristics of thermal runaway and its propagation of large-format lithium ion batteries under overcharging and overheating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Junho Bae & Youngsik Kim, 2025. "Validation of Liquid-Immersed Battery Energy Storage System for Fire Safety and Heat Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-14, April.

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