IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i22p7467-d1275363.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Alternatives for Transport, Storage in Port and Bunkering Systems for Offshore Energy to Green Hydrogen

Author

Listed:
  • Enrique Saborit

    (Centro Nacional del Hidrógeno, 13500 Puertollano, Spain)

  • Eduardo García-Rosales Vazquez

    (Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • M. Dolores Storch de Gracia Calvo

    (Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain
    Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Gema María Rodado Nieto

    (Centro Nacional del Hidrógeno, 13500 Puertollano, Spain)

  • Pablo Martínez Fondón

    (Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Alberto Abánades

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Offshore electricity production, mainly by wind turbines, and, eventually, floating PV, is expected to increase renewable energy generation and their dispatchability. In this sense, a significant part of this offshore electricity would be directly used for hydrogen generation. The integration of offshore energy production into the hydrogen economy is of paramount importance for both the techno-economic viability of offshore energy generation and the hydrogen economy. An analysis of this integration is presented. The analysis includes a discussion about the current state of the art of hydrogen pipelines and subsea cables, as well as the storage and bunkering system that is needed on shore to deliver hydrogen and derivatives. This analysis extends the scope of most of the previous works that consider port-to-port transport, while we report offshore to port. Such storage and bunkering will allow access to local and continental energy networks, as well as to integrate offshore facilities for the delivery of decarbonized fuel for the maritime sector. The results of such state of the art suggest that the main options for the transport of offshore energy for the production of hydrogen and hydrogenated vectors are through direct electricity transport by subsea cables to produce hydrogen onshore, or hydrogen transport by subsea pipeline. A parametric analysis of both alternatives, focused on cost estimates of each infrastructure (cable/pipeline) and shipping has been carried out versus the total amount of energy to transport and distance to shore. For low capacity (100 GWh/y), an electric subsea cable is the best option. For high-capacity renewable offshore plants (TWh/y), pipelines start to be competitive for distances above approx. 750 km. Cost is highly dependent on the distance to land, ranging from 35 to 200 USD/MWh.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Saborit & Eduardo García-Rosales Vazquez & M. Dolores Storch de Gracia Calvo & Gema María Rodado Nieto & Pablo Martínez Fondón & Alberto Abánades, 2023. "Alternatives for Transport, Storage in Port and Bunkering Systems for Offshore Energy to Green Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-12, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7467-:d:1275363
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7467/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7467/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yang, Christopher & Ogden, Joan M, 2007. "Determining the lowest-cost hydrogen delivery mode," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1804p4vw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Heeyeon Lee & Sanghun Lee, 2022. "Economic Analysis on Hydrogen Pipeline Infrastructure Establishment Scenarios: Case Study of South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Yang, Christopher & Ogden, Joan M, 2007. "Determining the lowest-cost hydrogen delivery mode," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7p3500g2, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. d'Amore-Domenech, Rafael & Meca, Vladimir L. & Pollet, Bruno G. & Leo, Teresa J., 2023. "On the bulk transport of green hydrogen at sea: Comparison between submarine pipeline and compressed and liquefied transport by ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Steven Jackson & Eivind Brodal, 2021. "Optimization of a Mixed Refrigerant Based H 2 Liquefaction Pre-Cooling Process and Estimate of Liquefaction Performance with Varying Ambient Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Olateju, Babatunde & Kumar, Amit, 2013. "Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production from underground coal gasification (UCG) in Western Canada with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) for upgrading bitumen from oil sands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 428-440.
    3. Becker, W.L. & Braun, R.J. & Penev, M. & Melaina, M., 2012. "Production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid fuels from high temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 99-115.
    4. Chang, Le & Li, Zheng & Gao, Dan & Huang, He & Ni, Weidou, 2007. "Pathways for hydrogen infrastructure development in China: Integrated assessment for vehicle fuels and a case study of Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 2023-2037.
    5. Lin, Zhenhong & Fan, Yueyue & Ogden, Joan M & Chen, Chien-Wei, 2008. "Optimized Pathways for Regional H2 Infrastructure Transitions: A Case Study for Southern California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9mk5n8jn, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    6. Yongxi Huang & Yueyue Fan & Nils Johnson, 2010. "Multistage System Planning for Hydrogen Production and Distribution," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 455-472, December.
    7. Niermann, M. & Timmerberg, S. & Drünert, S. & Kaltschmitt, M., 2021. "Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    8. Hoffmann, Maximilian & Priesmann, Jan & Nolting, Lars & Praktiknjo, Aaron & Kotzur, Leander & Stolten, Detlef, 2021. "Typical periods or typical time steps? A multi-model analysis to determine the optimal temporal aggregation for energy system models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    9. Olfa Tlili & Christine Mansilla & Jochen Linβen & Markus Reuss & Thomas Grube & Martin Robinius & Jean André & Yannick Perez & Alain Le Duigou & Detlef Stolten, 2020. "Geospatial modelling of the hydrogen infrastructure in France in order to identify the most suited supply chains," Post-Print hal-02421359, HAL.
    10. Reuß, Markus & Grube, Thomas & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2019. "A hydrogen supply chain with spatial resolution: Comparative analysis of infrastructure technologies in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 438-453.
    11. Forghani, Kamran & Kia, Reza & Nejatbakhsh, Yousef, 2023. "A multi-period sustainable hydrogen supply chain model considering pipeline routing and carbon emissions: The case study of Oman," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Li, Guozhen, 2023. "The Hydrogen Fuel Pathway for Air Transportation," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3sh5x1vk, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    13. Brynolf, Selma & Taljegard, Maria & Grahn, Maria & Hansson, Julia, 2018. "Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1887-1905.
    14. Lin, Zhenhong & Ogden, Joan & Fan, Yueyue & Chen, Chien-Wei, 2009. "The Fuel-Travel-Back Approach to Hydrogen Station Siting," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt14p44238, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    15. Parker, Nathan C, 2007. "Optimizing the Design of Biomass Hydrogen Supply Chains Using Real-World Spatial Distributions: A Case Study Using California Rice Straw," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt8sp9n37c, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    16. Stöckl, Fabian & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander, 2021. "Optimal supply chains and power sector benefits of green hydrogen," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 11.
    17. Brey, J.J. & Carazo, A.F. & Brey, R., 2018. "Exploring the marketability of fuel cell electric vehicles in terms of infrastructure and hydrogen costs in Spain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2893-2899.
    18. Lu Zhu & Lanli Hu & Serhat Yüksel & Hasan Dinçer & Hüsne Karakuş & Gözde Gülseven Ubay, 2020. "Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-19, June.
    19. van Leeuwen, Charlotte & Mulder, Machiel, 2018. "Power-to-gas in electricity markets dominated by renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 258-272.
    20. Campíñez-Romero, Severo & Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Pérez-Molina, Clara & Mur-Pérez, Francisco, 2018. "A hydrogen refuelling stations infrastructure deployment for cities supported on fuel cell taxi roll-out," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1018-1031.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7467-:d:1275363. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.