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Planning of an LVAC Distribution System with Centralized PV and Decentralized PV Integration for a Rural Village

Author

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  • Dara Eam

    (Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia)

  • Vannak Vai

    (Department of Electrical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia)

  • Chhith Chhlonh

    (Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia)

  • Samphors Eng

    (Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia)

Abstract

Energy demand is continuously increasing, leading to yearly expansions in low-voltage (LV) distribution systems integrated with PVs to deliver electricity to users with techno-economic considerations. This study proposes and compares different topology planning strategies with and without PVs in a rural area of Cambodia over 30 years of planning. Firstly, the optimal radial topology from a distribution transformer to end-users is provided using the shortest path algorithm. Secondly, two different phase balancing concepts (i.e., pole balancing and load balancing) with different phase connection methods (i.e., power losses and energy losses) are proposed and compared to find the optimal topology. Then, the integration of centralized (CePV) and decentralized PV (DePV) into the optimal topology is investigated for three different scenarios, which are zero-injection (MV and LV levels), no sell-back price, and a sell-back price. Next, the minimum sell-back price from CePV and DePV integration is determined. To optimize phase balancing, including the location and size of PV, an optimization technique using a water cycle algorithm (WCA) is applied. Finally, an economic analysis of each scenario based on the highest net present cost (NPC), including capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) over the planning period, is evaluated. In addition, technical indicators, such as autonomous time and energy, and environmental indicator, which is quantified by CO 2 emissions, are taken into account. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Suggested Citation

  • Dara Eam & Vannak Vai & Chhith Chhlonh & Samphors Eng, 2023. "Planning of an LVAC Distribution System with Centralized PV and Decentralized PV Integration for a Rural Village," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:16:p:5995-:d:1217999
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Karimi, M. & Mokhlis, H. & Naidu, K. & Uddin, S. & Bakar, A.H.A., 2016. "Photovoltaic penetration issues and impacts in distribution network – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 594-605.
    3. Kimsrornn Khon & Chhith Chhlonh & Vannak Vai & Marie-Cecile Alvarez-Herault & Bertrand Raison & Long Bun, 2023. "Comprehensive Low Voltage Microgrid Planning Methodology for Rural Electrification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, February.
    4. Thapar, Sapan, 2022. "Centralized vs decentralized solar: A comparison study (India)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 687-704.
    5. Vannak Vai & Samphors Eng, 2022. "Study of Grid-Connected PV System for a Low Voltage Distribution System: A Case Study of Cambodia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-12, July.
    6. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez, 2022. "Optimal Placement and Sizing of PV Sources in Distribution Grids Using a Modified Gradient-Based Metaheuristic Optimizer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
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