IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i13p5070-d1183878.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Bi-Level Optimization and Scheduling Strategy for Charging Stations Considering Battery Degradation

Author

Listed:
  • Qiwei Yang

    (School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Yantai Huang

    (School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Qiangqiang Zhang

    (School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Jinjiang Zhang

    (School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

Abstract

This paper proposes a bi-level optimization scheduling strategy for integrated photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS) to meet electric vehicle (EV) charging demands while reducing charging costs. First, a battery degradation cost model is developed in order to convert the long-term costs into short-term costs for real-time operation. The upper layer of ESS and power grid operation strategies are obtained by minimizing costs associated with battery degradation and distribution grid costs. The lower layer considers the PV uncertainty and the error caused by the upper layer operation strategy, and obtains the lower layer operation strategy by adding a penalty function to minimize fluctuations in power. Second, the author proposes a global optimization algorithm that combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) in order to solve the above-mentioned models, effectively combining the global search feature of PSO with the local search capability of SQP. Finally, the bi-level optimization scheduling strategy is obtained by solving the model through the algorithm. Simulation results verify the practicality of the scheduling strategy and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiwei Yang & Yantai Huang & Qiangqiang Zhang & Jinjiang Zhang, 2023. "A Bi-Level Optimization and Scheduling Strategy for Charging Stations Considering Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5070-:d:1183878
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5070/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5070/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Neculai Andrei, 2017. "Continuous Nonlinear Optimization for Engineering Applications in GAMS Technology," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, Springer, number 978-3-319-58356-3, September.
    2. Yin, WanJun & Ming, ZhengFeng & Wen, Tao, 2021. "Scheduling strategy of electric vehicle charging considering different requirements of grid and users," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    3. Zakeri, Behnam & Cross, Samuel & Dodds, Paul.E. & Gissey, Giorgio Castagneto, 2021. "Policy options for enhancing economic profitability of residential solar photovoltaic with battery energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    4. Li, Shuangqi & He, Hongwen & Li, Jianwei, 2019. "Big data driven lithium-ion battery modeling method based on SDAE-ELM algorithm and data pre-processing technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1259-1273.
    5. Leon Fidele Nishimwe H. & Sung-Guk Yoon, 2021. "Combined Optimal Planning and Operation of a Fast EV-Charging Station Integrated with Solar PV and ESS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    6. Neculai Andrei, 2017. "Applications of Continuous Nonlinear Optimization," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Continuous Nonlinear Optimization for Engineering Applications in GAMS Technology, chapter 0, pages 47-117, Springer.
    7. Han, Xiaojuan & Liang, Yubo & Ai, Yaoyao & Li, Jianlin, 2018. "Economic evaluation of a PV combined energy storage charging station based on cost estimation of second-use batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 326-339.
    8. Hou, Hui & Xue, Mengya & Xu, Yan & Xiao, Zhenfeng & Deng, Xiangtian & Xu, Tao & Liu, Peng & Cui, Rongjian, 2020. "Multi-objective economic dispatch of a microgrid considering electric vehicle and transferable load," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Martin Ćalasan & Tatjana Konjić & Katarina Kecojević & Lazar Nikitović, 2020. "Optimal Allocation of Static Var Compensators in Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Neculai Andrei, 2020. "Diagonal Approximation of the Hessian by Finite Differences for Unconstrained Optimization," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 185(3), pages 859-879, June.
    3. Neculai Andrei, 2018. "A Double-Parameter Scaling Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno Method Based on Minimizing the Measure Function of Byrd and Nocedal for Unconstrained Optimization," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 178(1), pages 191-218, July.
    4. Kandpal, Bakul & Pareek, Parikshit & Verma, Ashu, 2022. "A robust day-ahead scheduling strategy for EV charging stations in unbalanced distribution grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    5. Lyu, Cheng & Jia, Youwei & Xu, Zhao, 2021. "Fully decentralized peer-to-peer energy sharing framework for smart buildings with local battery system and aggregated electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    6. Jiao, P.H. & Chen, J.J. & Cai, X. & Wang, L.L. & Zhao, Y.L. & Zhang, X.H. & Chen, W.G., 2021. "Joint active and reactive for allocation of renewable energy and energy storage under uncertain coupling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    7. Pratik Mochi & Kartik Pandya & Joao Soares & Zita Vale, 2023. "Optimizing Power Exchange Cost Considering Behavioral Intervention in Local Energy Community," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
    8. Duan, Ditao & Poursoleiman, Roza, 2021. "Modified teaching-learning-based optimization by orthogonal learning for optimal design of an electric vehicle charging station," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    9. Fatemeh Marzbani & Akmal Abdelfatah, 2024. "Economic Dispatch Optimization Strategies and Problem Formulation: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-31, January.
    10. Nie, Qingyun & Zhang, Lihui & Tong, Zihao & Dai, Guyu & Chai, Jianxue, 2022. "Cost compensation method for PEVs participating in dynamic economic dispatch based on carbon trading mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    11. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M., 2021. "An energy paradigm transition framework from negative towards positive district energy sharing networks—Battery cycling aging, advanced battery management strategies, flexible vehicles-to-buildings in," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    12. Liu, Jia & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Li, Yutong, 2020. "Energy storage and management system design optimization for a photovoltaic integrated low-energy building," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    13. Fernando Echevarría Camarero & Ana Ogando-Martínez & Pablo Durán Gómez & Pablo Carrasco Ortega, 2022. "Profitability of Batteries in Photovoltaic Systems for Small Industrial Consumers in Spain under Current Regulatory Framework and Energy Prices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    14. Müller, Mathias & Blume, Yannic & Reinhard, Janis, 2022. "Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    15. Jun-Mo Kim & Jeong Lee & Jin-Wook Kim & Junsin Yi & Chung-Yuen Won, 2021. "Power Conversion System Operation to Reduce the Electricity Purchasing Cost of Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.
    16. Nuno Rego & Rui Castro & Carlos Santos Silva, 2023. "Assessment of Current Smart House Solutions: The Case of Portugal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-23, November.
    17. Luwen Pan & Jiajia Chen, 2024. "Optimal Energy Storage Configuration of Prosumers with Uncertain Photovoltaic in the Presence of Customized Pricing-Based Demand Response," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    18. Yi, Tao & Cheng, Xiaobin & Chen, Yaxuan & Liu, Jinpeng, 2020. "Joint optimization of charging station and energy storage economic capacity based on the effect of alternative energy storage of electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    19. Jiao, Feixiang & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Zhang, Bin, 2022. "Online optimal dispatch based on combined robust and stochastic model predictive control for a microgrid including EV charging station," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    20. Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram & Nadarajah, Mithulananthan & Pugazhendhi, Rishi & Sinha, Avik & Gangatharan, Sivasankar & Chiaramonti, David & Abou Houran, Mohamad, 2023. "The untold subtlety of energy consumption and its influence on policy drive towards Sustainable Development Goal 7," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5070-:d:1183878. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.