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Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials

Author

Listed:
  • Małgorzata Sieradzka

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

  • Cezary Kirczuk

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

  • Izabela Kalemba-Rec

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

  • Agata Mlonka-Mędrala

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

  • Aneta Magdziarz

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

This study presents the results of the biomass pyrolysis process focusing on biochar production and its potential energetic (as solid fuel) and material (as adsorbent) applications. Three kinds of biomass waste were investigated: wheat straw, spent coffee grounds, and brewery grains. The pyrolysis process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 400 and 500 °C (residence time of 20 min). A significant increase in the carbon content was observed in the biochars, e.g., from 45% to 73% (at 400 °C) and 77% (at 500 °C) for spent coffee grounds. In addition, the structure and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analysis under an oxidising atmosphere. The chemical activation was completed using KOH. The sorption properties of the obtained biochars were tested using chromium ion (Cr 3+ ) adsorption from liquid solution. The specific surface area and average pore diameter of each sample were determined using the BET method. Finally, it was found that selected biochars can be applied as adsorbent or a fuel. In detail, brewery grains-activated carbon had the highest surface area, wheat straw-activated carbon adsorbed the highest amount of Cr 3+ , and wheat straw chars presented the best combustion properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Sieradzka & Cezary Kirczuk & Izabela Kalemba-Rec & Agata Mlonka-Mędrala & Aneta Magdziarz, 2022. "Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1941-:d:765901
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Małgorzata Sieradzka & Ningbo Gao & Cui Quan & Agata Mlonka-Mędrala & Aneta Magdziarz, 2020. "Biomass Thermochemical Conversion via Pyrolysis with Integrated CO 2 Capture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, February.
    9. Magdziarz, Aneta & Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata & Sieradzka, Małgorzata & Aragon-Briceño, Christian & Pożarlik, Artur & Bramer, Eddy A. & Brem, Gerrit & Niedzwiecki, Łukasz & Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina, 2021. "Multiphase analysis of hydrochars obtained by anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste organic fraction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 108-118.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Marcin Sajdak & Roksana Muzyka & Grzegorz Gałko & Ewelina Ksepko & Monika Zajemska & Szymon Sobek & Dariusz Tercki, 2022. "Actual Trends in the Usability of Biochar as a High-Value Product of Biomass Obtained through Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-30, December.
    3. Przemysław Rajca & Andrzej Skibiński & Anna Biniek-Poskart & Monika Zajemska, 2022. "Review of Selected Determinants Affecting Use of Municipal Waste for Energy Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Bartłomiej Igliński & Wojciech Kujawski & Urszula Kiełkowska, 2023. "Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    5. Enas Taha Sayed & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Abdul Hai Alami & Ali Radwan & Ayman Mdallal & Ahmed Rezk & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, 2023. "Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-26, February.
    6. Małgorzata Sieradzka & Agata Mlonka-Mędrala & Izabela Kalemba-Rec & Markus Reinmöller & Felix Küster & Wojciech Kalawa & Aneta Magdziarz, 2022. "Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Residue from Gasification of Biomass Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Igliński, Bartłomiej & Pietrzak, Michał Bernard & Kiełkowska, Urszula & Skrzatek, Mateusz & Kumar, Gopalakrishnan & Piechota, Grzegorz, 2022. "The assessment of renewable energy in Poland on the background of the world renewable energy sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    8. Samar Elkhalifa & Sabah Mariyam & Hamish R. Mackey & Tareq Al-Ansari & Gordon McKay & Prakash Parthasarathy, 2022. "Pyrolysis Valorization of Vegetable Wastes: Thermal, Kinetic, Thermodynamics, and Pyrogas Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-17, August.

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