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Cost Optimal Renewable Electricity-Based HVAC System: Application of Air to Water or Water to Water Heat Pump

Author

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  • Boris Delač

    (Department of Thermodynamics and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Branimir Pavković

    (Department of Thermodynamics and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Marino Grozdek

    (Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Thermal and Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Luka Bezić

    (Department of Thermodynamics and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

Abstract

This paper aims to determine cost optimality between heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems operating with air to water heat pumps (AWHP) and water to water heat pumps (WWHP). The analysis is performed for a certain number of heat pump units with fixed and variable capacity made by four manufacturers available on European market. Simulations are performed in Trnsys software. The results show that heat pump partial load efficiency should not be neglected in analysis of application while the difference in energy consumption and costs can be up to 17%. The requirement for performing analysis on a wider range of units is indicated, especially when heat pump systems with different sources are considered. HVAC system with AWHP units with capacity control is a cost optimal solution for case study nursery building operating on the Croatian coast. The application of the photovoltaic (PV) array sized to cover nonrenewable part of electricity consumed in HVAC system has a return period of 12 years. It is determined that seasonal efficiency indicators from relevant European database do not support unit operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Boris Delač & Branimir Pavković & Marino Grozdek & Luka Bezić, 2022. "Cost Optimal Renewable Electricity-Based HVAC System: Application of Air to Water or Water to Water Heat Pump," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1658-:d:756601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marini, Dashamir, 2013. "Optimization of HVAC systems for distributed generation as a function of different types of heat sources and climatic conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 813-826.
    2. Wang, Wei & Zhang, Shiqiang & Li, Zhaoyang & Sun, Yuying & Deng, Shiming & Wu, Xu, 2020. "Determination of the optimal defrosting initiating time point for an ASHP unit based on the minimum loss coefficient in the nominal output heating energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Agata Ołtarzewska & Dorota Anna Krawczyk, 2024. "Simulation and Performance Analysis of an Air-Source Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Panels Integrated with Service Building in Different Climate Zones of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Gaur, Ankita Singh & Fitiwi, Desta Z. & Lynch, Muireann & Longoria, Genaro, 2022. "Implications of heating sector electrification on the Irish power system in view of the Climate Action Plan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. Arpad Nyers & Jozsef Nyers, 2023. "Enhancing the Energy Efficiency—COP of the Heat Pump Heating System by Energy Optimization and a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, March.

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