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Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency

Author

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  • Nives Jovičić

    (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, 10410 Velika Gorica, Croatia)

  • Alan Antonović

    (Department of Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Ana Matin

    (Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Storage and Transport, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Suzana Antolović

    (Croatian Conservation Institute, Fakultetska 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Sanja Kalambura

    (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, 10410 Velika Gorica, Croatia)

  • Tajana Krička

    (Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Storage and Transport, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are one of the most affordable and important renewable resources in the world, which can partially replace fossil resources. The overall objective of the research is to provide background information that supports new applications of walnut shells in a biorefinery context and to increase the economic value of these non-wood forest products. This paper presents the properties characterization of liquefied biomass according to their chemical composition. All results were compared to liquefied wood. In this study, the liquefaction properties of five different walnut shell particle sizes were determined using glycerol as the liquefaction reagent under defined reaction conditions. The liquefied biomass was characterized for properties such as percentage residue, degree of liquefaction, and hydroxyl OH numbers. The chemical composition of the same biomass was investigated for its influence on the liquefaction properties. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to determine the liquefaction properties of different particle sizes as a function of their chemical composition, also in comparison with the chemical composition of wood. The study revealed that walnut shell biomass can be effectively liquefied into glycerol using H 2 SO 4 as the catalyst, with liquefaction efficiency ranging from 89.21 to 90.98%.

Suggested Citation

  • Nives Jovičić & Alan Antonović & Ana Matin & Suzana Antolović & Sanja Kalambura & Tajana Krička, 2022. "Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:495-:d:722128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bilandzija, Nikola & Voca, Neven & Jelcic, Barbara & Jurisic, Vanja & Matin, Ana & Grubor, Mateja & Kricka, Tajana, 2018. "Evaluation of Croatian agricultural solid biomass energy potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 225-230.
    2. Grzegorz Maj, 2018. "Emission Factors and Energy Properties of Agro and Forest Biomass in Aspect of Sustainability of Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
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    1. Gendek, Arkadiusz & Aniszewska, Monika & Owoc, Danuta & Tamelová, Barbora & Malaťák, Jan & Velebil, Jan & Krilek, Jozef, 2023. "Physico-mechanical and energy properties of pellets made from ground walnut shells, coniferous tree cones and their mixtures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 248-258.
    2. Juraj Kukuruzović & Ana Matin & Mislav Kontek & Tajana Krička & Božidar Matin & Ivan Brandić & Alan Antonović, 2023. "The Effects of Demineralization on Reducing Ash Content in Corn and Soy Biomass with the Goal of Increasing Biofuel Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Ana Matin & Ivan Brandić & Neven Voća & Nikola Bilandžija & Božidar Matin & Vanja Jurišić & Karlo Špelić & Alan Antonović & Mateja Grubor & Tajana Krička, 2023. "Influence of Conduction Drying on the Physical and Combustion Properties of Hazelnut Shell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, January.

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