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Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO 2 Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation

Author

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  • Aneta Kowalska

    (Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Bal Ram Singh

    (Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway)

  • Anna Grobelak

    (Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

Abstract

The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO 2 emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO 2 emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO 2 emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Aneta Kowalska & Bal Ram Singh & Anna Grobelak, 2022. "Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO 2 Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9452-:d:1002458
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James F. Fox & John Elliott Campbell & Peter M. Acton, 2020. "Carbon Sequestration by Reforesting Legacy Grasslands on Coal Mining Sites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Aneta Kowalska & Marek Kucbel & Anna Grobelak, 2021. "Potential and Mechanisms for Stable C Storage in the Post-Mining Soils under Long-Term Study in Mitigation of Climate Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    3. Hendrychová, Markéta & Svobodova, Kamila & Kabrna, Martin, 2020. "Mine reclamation planning and management: Integrating natural habitats into post-mining land use," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Margarita Ignatyeva & Vera Yurak & Natalia Pustokhina, 2020. "Recultivation of Post-Mining Disturbed Land: Review of Content and Comparative Law and Feasibility Study," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Jun-Feng Qu & Yu-Le Hou & Meng-Yu Ge & Kun Wang & Shu Liu & Shao-Liang Zhang & Gang Li & Fu Chen, 2017. "Carbon Dynamics of Reclaimed Coal Mine Soil under Agricultural Use: A Chronosequence Study in the Dongtan Mining Area, Shandong Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-17, April.
    6. Adam Kaliszewski & Marek Jabłoński, 2022. "Is It Possible for Poland to Achieve the Policy Goal of 33% Forest Cover by Mid-Century?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
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