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A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Laminar Forced Convection Improvement of a Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid within an Annular Pipe in Porous Media

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  • Hesam Moghadasi

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark)

  • Mohamad Bayat

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark)

  • Ehsan Aminian

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Jesper H. Hattel

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark)

  • Mahdi Bodaghi

    (Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK)

Abstract

Porous inserts and nanofluids are among the conventional methods for the amelioration of heat transfer in industrial systems. The heat transfer rate could also be improved by utilizing porous substances with a higher thermal conductivity in these systems. This research work presents a two-dimensional (2D) numerical examination of the laminar forced convection of an A l 2 O 3 - C u O -carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid within an annular pipe in a porous medium. The porous medium was inserted within two inner or outer wall cases. For hybrid nanofluid flow modeling in porous media, a Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer formulation was employed. Additionally, a power-law technique was utilized as a fluid viscosity model for the considered non-Newtonian fluid. The governing equations were discretized according to the finite volume method (FVM) using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package ANSYS-FLUENT. The cylinder walls’ thermal boundary conditions were exposed to a constant heat flux. For various Darcy numbers, the impacts of different volume fractions of the hybrid nanofluid (0% to 5%), the total Nusselt number, the pressure drop, and the performance number (PN) were evaluated. The outcomes indicate that the heat transfer coefficient increases considerably with a decrease in the Darcy number ( 0.1 to 0.0001 ), as well as with an increase in the porous thickness ratio. Moreover, it was found that the nanoparticles’ increased volume fraction would ameliorate the heat transfer and, more considerably, the PN factor. Furthermore, according to the outcomes in both cases I and II for a constant porous thickness ratio and Darcy number ( r p = 1 , D a = 0.0001 ) and a high volume fraction ( φ = 5 % ), the maximum total Nusselt number reached 1274.44. Moreover, applying a volume fraction of 5% with D a = 0.1 and r p = 1 reached the highest value of the PN index equal to 7.61, which is augmented as roughly 88% compared to the case of a zero volume fraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Hesam Moghadasi & Mohamad Bayat & Ehsan Aminian & Jesper H. Hattel & Mahdi Bodaghi, 2022. "A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Laminar Forced Convection Improvement of a Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid within an Annular Pipe in Porous Media," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:8207-:d:962295
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Siavashi, Majid & Talesh Bahrami, Hamid Reza & Saffari, Hamid, 2015. "Numerical investigation of flow characteristics, heat transfer and entropy generation of nanofluid flow inside an annular pipe partially or completely filled with porous media using two-phase mixture ," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2451-2466.
    2. Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi & Mohammad Zaboli & Hossein Javadi & Borja Badenes & Javier F. Urchueguia, 2022. "A Review of Recent Passive Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-60, January.
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