IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p6918-d921188.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Civic Energy in an Orchard Farm–Prosumer and Energy Cooperative—A New Approach to Electricity Generation

Author

Listed:
  • Aleksandra Łakomiak

    (Department of Tax Management and Control, The Faculty of Business and Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

In Poland, electricity production is based on nonrenewable energy sources. The energy market is dominated by corporations. Rising electricity prices and threats of power shortages have become, among others, prerequisites for the development of distributed sources based on renewable sources, primarily using photovoltaic panels. The development of the renewable energy market is slow due to the lack of legal solutions and insufficient state support. Polish farmers, especially fruit growers, whose electricity consumption costs are a significant item in production costs, may become part of the energy sector by building a local energy system. In 2022, Poland introduced two new legal regulations, which currently provide three options for obtaining electricity using renewable micro-installations. The conducted study aimed at indicating which of the legally permitted option is the most advantageous for fruit farms in Poland. Growers can produce energy by being a prosumer who settles accounts in the net-metering and net-billing system and by participating in an energy cooperative. The direction of changes was ascertained by conducting a pilot study among fruit growers. The study used real quantitative and valuable data on the consumption and costs of electricity in 2012–2022 and the production of photovoltaic panels in a fruit farm in 2021. The study consisted of comparing three models of settling accounts for electricity with two comparative models in two scenarios. The analysis of prosumers’ functioning showed that the situation in Poland is favorable for the development of civic energy. However, participation in an energy cooperative with new legal solutions will not always be the more advantageous solution in terms of economy and energy. In particular, the study showed that the support mechanism needs further changes. The results of the research confirm the existing potential of fruit farms, which can be developed in the area of securing energy needs. The results of this research can be used as the premise for introducing changes to the legal conditions for the establishment and operation of energy cooperatives in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandra Łakomiak, 2022. "Civic Energy in an Orchard Farm–Prosumer and Energy Cooperative—A New Approach to Electricity Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-28, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:6918-:d:921188
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/6918/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/6918/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Francesca Ceglia & Elisa Marrasso & Carlo Roselli & Maurizio Sasso, 2021. "Small Renewable Energy Community: The Role of Energy and Environmental Indicators for Power Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Lanka Horstink & Julia M. Wittmayer & Kiat Ng & Guilherme Pontes Luz & Esther Marín-González & Swantje Gährs & Inês Campos & Lars Holstenkamp & Sem Oxenaar & Donal Brown, 2020. "Collective Renewable Energy Prosumers and the Promises of the Energy Union: Taking Stock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Karolina Mucha-Kuś & Maciej Sołtysik & Krzysztof Zamasz & Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna, 2021. "Coopetitive Nature of Energy Communities—The Energy Transition Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Debor, Sarah, 2014. "The socio-economic power of renewable energy production cooperatives in Germany: Results of an empirical assessment," Wuppertal Papers 187, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    5. Poppen, Silvia, 2015. "Energiegenossenschaften und deren Mitglieder: Erste Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung," Arbeitspapiere 157, University of Münster, Institute for Cooperatives.
    6. Jakub Jasiński & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Maciej Sołtysik, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    7. de Christo, Tiago Malavazi & Perron, Sylvain & Fardin, Jussara Farias & Simonetti, Domingos Sávio Lyrio & de Alvarez, Cristina Engel, 2019. "Demand-side energy management by cooperative combination of plans: A multi-objective method applicable to isolated communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 453-472.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lode, M.L. & te Boveldt, G. & Coosemans, T. & Ramirez Camargo, L., 2022. "A transition perspective on Energy Communities: A systematic literature review and research agenda," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    2. Neska, Ewa & Kowalska-Pyzalska, Anna, 2022. "Conceptual design of energy market topologies for communities and their practical applications in EU: A comparison of three case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    3. Anna Bartkowiak & Piotr Bartkowiak & Grzegorz Kinelski, 2022. "Efficiency of Shaping the Value Chain in the Area of the Use of Raw Materials in Agro-Biorefinery in Sustainable Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-16, August.
    4. Marzena Czarnecka & Katarzyna Chudy–Laskowska & Grzegorz Kinelski & Grzegorz Lew & Beata Sadowska & Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz & Borys Budka, 2022. "Grants and Funding for the Processes of Decarbonization in the Scope of Sustainability Development—The Case from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Jakub Jasiński & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Maciej Sołtysik, 2021. "The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Jakub Jasiński & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Maciej Sołtysik, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Emanuele Cutore & Alberto Fichera & Rosaria Volpe, 2023. "A Roadmap for the Design, Operation and Monitoring of Renewable Energy Communities in Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    8. Francesca Ceglia & Elisa Marrasso & Giovanna Pallotta & Carlo Roselli & Maurizio Sasso, 2022. "The State of the Art of Smart Energy Communities: A Systematic Review of Strengths and Limits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-28, May.
    9. Capellán-Pérez, Iñigo & Campos-Celador, Álvaro & Terés-Zubiaga, Jon, 2018. "Renewable Energy Cooperatives as an instrument towards the energy transition in Spain," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 215-229.
    10. Pia Szichta & Ingela Tietze, 2020. "Sharing Economy in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft: Treiber und Hemmnisse [Title sharing economy in the electricity sector: drivers and barriers]," NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum | Sustainability Management Forum, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 109-125, December.
    11. Wulf Inge & Kramer Mike & Sackbrook Jürgen Lars, 2017. "Wachstum und Rentabilität badenwürttembergischer, bayerischer und niedersächsischer stromerzeugender Energiegenossenschaften im Zeitraum 2006-2015," Zeitschrift für das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 36-54, March.
    12. Julia Maria Wittmayer & Tessa de Geus & Bonno Pel & F. Avelino & Sabine Hielscher & Thomas Hoppe & Marie Susan Mühlemeier & Agata Stasik & Sem Oxenaar & Karoline K.S. Rogge & Vivian Visser & Esther Ma, 2020. "Beyond instrumentalism: Broadening the understanding of social innovation in socio-technical energy systems," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/312323, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    13. Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Niu, Xiaofeng & Zhang, Kai & Mahian, Omid, 2023. "Excess electricity problem in off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems: A comprehensive review from challenges to prevalent solutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 538-560.
    14. Francesca Ceglia & Elisa Marrasso & Samiran Samanta & Maurizio Sasso, 2022. "Addressing Energy Poverty in the Energy Community: Assessment of Energy, Environmental, Economic, and Social Benefits for an Italian Residential Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    15. Jenny Palm, 2021. "The Transposition of Energy Communities into Swedish Regulations: Overview and Critique of Emerging Regulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    16. Berka, Anna L. & Creamer, Emily, 2018. "Taking stock of the local impacts of community owned renewable energy: A review and research agenda," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3400-3419.
    17. Moritz Ehrtmann & Lars Holstenkamp & Timon Becker, 2021. "Regional Electricity Models for Community Energy in Germany: The Role of Governance Structures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, February.
    18. Máximo A. Domínguez-Garabitos & Víctor S. Ocaña-Guevara & Félix Santos-García & Adriana Arango-Manrique & Miguel Aybar-Mejía, 2022. "A Methodological Proposal for Implementing Demand-Shifting Strategies in the Wholesale Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-28, February.
    19. Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Antonia Proka & Dimitris Zafirakis & Markos Damasiotis & Panos Kotsampopoulos & Nikos Hatziargyriou & Eirini Dakanali & George Arnaoutakis & Dimitrios Xevgenos, 2022. "Greek Islands’ Energy Transition: From Lighthouse Projects to the Emergence of Energy Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-34, August.
    20. Raimondi, Giulio & Spazzafumo, Giuseppe, 2023. "Exploring Renewable Energy Communities integration through a hydrogen Power-to-Power system in Italy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 710-721.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:6918-:d:921188. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.