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Hydrothermal Treatment of Residual Forest Wood (Softwood) and Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion—Influence of Temperature and Holding Time on the Characteristics of the Solid and Liquid Products

Author

Listed:
  • Gregor Sailer

    (Department of Bioenergy, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Julian Comi

    (Department of Bioenergy, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Florian Empl

    (Department of Bioenergy, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Martin Silberhorn

    (Department of Bioenergy, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany)

  • Valeska Heymann

    (Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany)

  • Monika Bosilj

    (Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany)

  • Siham Ouardi

    (Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany)

  • Stefan Pelz

    (Department of Bioenergy, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany)

  • Joachim Müller

    (Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

Abstract

Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) offers the potential to upgrade low-value biomass such as digestate (DG) or forest residue (FR) by producing solids and liquids for material use or energetic utilization. In this study, microwave-assisted HTT experiments with DG and FR as feedstocks were executed at different temperatures (130, 150, 170 °C) and with different holding times (30, 60, 90 min) to determine the influences on product properties (ash and elemental concentrations, calorific values and chemical compounds). In general, DG and FR reacted differently to HTT. For the DG solids, for instance, the ash concentration was reduced to 8.68% DM at 130 °C (initially 27.67% DM ), and the higher heating value increased from 16.55 MJ/kg DM to 20.82 MJ/kg DM at 170 °C, while the FR solids were affected only marginally. Elements with importance for emissions in combustion were leached out in both HTT solids. The DG and FR liquids contained different chemical compounds, and the temperature or holding time affected their formation. Depending on the designated application of HTT, less severe conditions can deliver better results. It was demonstrated that different low-temperature HTT conditions already induce strong changes in the product qualities of DG and FR. Optimized interactions between process parameters (temperature, holding time and feedstock) might lead to better cost–benefit effects in HTT.

Suggested Citation

  • Gregor Sailer & Julian Comi & Florian Empl & Martin Silberhorn & Valeska Heymann & Monika Bosilj & Siham Ouardi & Stefan Pelz & Joachim Müller, 2022. "Hydrothermal Treatment of Residual Forest Wood (Softwood) and Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion—Influence of Temperature and Holding Time on the Characteristics of the Solid and Liquid Products," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3738-:d:819409
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gregor Sailer & Victoria Knappe & Jens Poetsch & Sebastian Paczkowski & Stefan Pelz & Hans Oechsner & Monika Bosilj & Siham Ouardi & Joachim Müller, 2021. "Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Yuan, Tian & Cheng, Yanfei & Zhang, Zhenya & Lei, Zhongfang & Shimizu, Kazuya, 2019. "Comparative study on hydrothermal treatment as pre- and post-treatment of anaerobic digestion of primary sludge: Focus on energy balance, resources transformation and sludge dewaterability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 171-180.
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