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Turning Waste Cooking Oils into Biofuels—Valorization Technologies: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Lucas Nascimento

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • André Ribeiro

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Ana Ferreira

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Nádia Valério

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Vânia Pinheiro

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Jorge Araújo

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Cândida Vilarinho

    (Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Joana Carvalho

    (CVR—Centre for Waste Valorisation, University of Minho, 4800042 Guimaraes, Portugal)

Abstract

In search of a more sustainable society, humanity has been looking to reduce the environmental impacts caused by its various activities. The energy sector corresponds to one of the most impactful activities since most energies produced come from fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, which are finite resources. Moreover, their inherent processes to convert energy into electricity emit various pollutants, which are responsible for global warming, eutrophication, and acidification of soil and marine environments. Biofuels are one of the alternatives to fossil fuels, and the raw material used for their production includes vegetable oils, wood and agricultural waste, municipal waste, and waste cooking oils (WCOs). The conventional route for WCO valorization is the production of biodiesel, which, as all recovery technologies, presents advantages and disadvantages that must be explored from a technical and economic perspective. Despite its successful use in the production of biodiesel, it should be noticed that there are other approaches to use WCO. Among them, thermochemical technologies can be applied to produce alternative fuels through cracking or hydrocracking, pyrolysis, and gasification processes. For each technology, the best conditions were identified, and finally, projects and companies that work with this type of technology and use WCO were identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucas Nascimento & André Ribeiro & Ana Ferreira & Nádia Valério & Vânia Pinheiro & Jorge Araújo & Cândida Vilarinho & Joana Carvalho, 2021. "Turning Waste Cooking Oils into Biofuels—Valorization Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:116-:d:710367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peters, Jörg & Thielmann, Sascha, 2008. "Promoting biofuels: Implications for developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1538-1544, April.
    2. Jörg Peters & Sascha Thielmann, 2008. "Promoting Biofuels: Implications for Developing Countries," Ruhr Economic Papers 0038, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Dortmund, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
    3. Gui, M.M. & Lee, K.T. & Bhatia, S., 2008. "Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1646-1653.
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    1. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna, 2022. "Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-39, April.

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