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Microgrid Systems: Towards a Technical Performance Assessment Frame

Author

Listed:
  • Sophie Marchand

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Cristian Monsalve

    (Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB—Advanced System Technology Branch AST, Am Vogelherd 90, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany)

  • Thorsten Reimann

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Wolfram Heckmann

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Jakob Ungerland

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Hagen Lauer

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology SIT, Rheinstraße 75, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Stephan Ruhe

    (Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB—Advanced System Technology Branch AST, Am Vogelherd 90, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany)

  • Christoph Krauß

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology SIT, Rheinstraße 75, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany)

Abstract

A microgrid is an independent power system that can be connected to the grid or operated in an islanded mode. This single grid entity is widely used for furthering access to energy and ensuring reliable energy supply. However, if islanded, microgrids do not benefit from the high inertia of the main grid and can be subject to high variations in terms of voltage and frequency, which challenge their stability. In addition, operability and interoperability requirements, standards as well as directives have addressed main concerns regarding a microgrid’s reliability, use of distributed local resources and cybersecurity. Nevertheless, microgrid systems are quickly evolving through digitalization and have a large range of applications. Thus, a consensus over their testing must be further developed with the current technological development. Here, we describe existing technical requirements and assessment criteria for a microgrid’s main functionalities to foster harmonization of functionality-level testing and an international conception of system-level one. This framework is proposed as a reference document for assessment frame development serving both microgrid research and implementation for a comprehensive understanding of technical microgrid performance and its current assessment challenges, such as lack of standardization and evolving technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Marchand & Cristian Monsalve & Thorsten Reimann & Wolfram Heckmann & Jakob Ungerland & Hagen Lauer & Stephan Ruhe & Christoph Krauß, 2021. "Microgrid Systems: Towards a Technical Performance Assessment Frame," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2161-:d:535140
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rodrigo Antonio Sbardeloto Kraemer & Douglas Pereira Dias & Alisson Carlos da Silva & Marcos Aurelio Izumida Martins & Mathias Arno Ludwig, 2022. "Cost and Cybersecurity Challenges in the Commissioning of Microgrids in Critical Infrastructure: COGE Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Anna Ostrowska & Łukasz Michalec & Marek Skarupski & Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Paweł Kostyła & Robert Lis & Grzegorz Mudrak & Tomasz Rodziewicz, 2022. "Power Quality Assessment in a Real Microgrid-Statistical Assessment of Different Long-Term Working Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, October.

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