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Operation of Distributed Battery Considering Demand Response Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Grid Edge Control

Author

Listed:
  • Wenying Li

    (Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, China)

  • Ming Tang

    (Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, China)

  • Xinzhen Zhang

    (Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, China)

  • Danhui Gao

    (Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, China)

  • Jian Wang

    (Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, China)

Abstract

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are able to facilitate economical operation of the grid through demand response (DR), and are regarded as the most significant DR resource. Among them, distributed BESS integrating home photovoltaics (PV) have developed rapidly, and account for nearly 40% of newly installed capacity. However, the use scenarios and use efficiency of distributed BESS are far from sufficient to be able to utilize the potential loads and overcome uncertainties caused by disorderly operation. In this paper, the low-voltage transformer-powered area (LVTPA) is firstly defined, and then a DR grid edge controller was implemented based on deep reinforcement learning to maximize the total DR benefits and promote three-phase balance in the LVTPA. The proposed DR problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). In addition, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is applied to train the controller in order to learn the optimal DR strategy. Additionally, a life cycle cost model of the BESS is established and implemented in the DR scheme to measure the income. The numerical results, compared to deep Q learning and model-based methods, demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenying Li & Ming Tang & Xinzhen Zhang & Danhui Gao & Jian Wang, 2021. "Operation of Distributed Battery Considering Demand Response Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Grid Edge Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7749-:d:682290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Renzhi & Hong, Seung Ho, 2019. "Incentive-based demand response for smart grid with reinforcement learning and deep neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 937-949.
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    Cited by:

    1. James Amankwah Adu & Alberto Berizzi & Francesco Conte & Fabio D’Agostino & Valentin Ilea & Fabio Napolitano & Tadeo Pontecorvo & Andrea Vicario, 2022. "Power System Stability Analysis of the Sicilian Network in the 2050 OSMOSE Project Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-33, May.
    2. Harrold, Daniel J.B. & Cao, Jun & Fan, Zhong, 2022. "Renewable energy integration and microgrid energy trading using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    3. Omar Al-Ani & Sanjoy Das, 2022. "Reinforcement Learning: Theory and Applications in HEMS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-37, September.

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