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The Promotive Effect of Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. Foliar Biofertilization on Growth and Metabolic Activities of Willow ( Salix viminalis L.) Plants as Feedstock Production, Solid Biofuel and Biochar as C Carrier for Fertilizers via Torrefaction Process

Author

Listed:
  • Zdzislawa Romanowska-Duda

    (Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Str. Banacha 12/16, 92-237 Lodz, Poland)

  • Szymon Szufa

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Mieczysław Grzesik

    (Department of Variety Studies, Nursery and Gene Resources, Research Institute of Horticulture, Str. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Piotrowski

    (Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Str. Banacha 12/16, 92-237 Lodz, Poland)

  • Regina Janas

    (Department of Variety Studies, Nursery and Gene Resources, Research Institute of Horticulture, Str. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland)

Abstract

The effect of foliar application of Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. monocultures on physiological activity, element composition, development and biomass weight of basket willow ( Salix viminalis L.) and the possibility to prepare biofuel from it in the fortification process was studied. Triple foliar plant spraying with non-sonicated monocultures of Cyanobacteria ( Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Microcystis aeruginosa MKR 0105) and Chlorella sp. exhibited a considerably progressive impact on metabolic activity and development of plants. This biofertilization increased cytomembrane impermeability, the amount of chlorophyll in plants, photosynthesis productivity and transpiration, as well as degree of stomatal opening associated with a decreased concentration of intercellular CO 2 , in comparison to control (treatments with water, Bio-Algeen S90 or with environmental sample). The applied strains markedly increased the element content (N, P, K) in shoots and the productivity of crucial growth enzymes: alkaline or acid phosphorylase, total dehydrogenases, RNase and nitrate reductase. Treatments did not affect energy properties of the burnt plants. These physiological events were associated with the improved growth of willow plants, namely height, length and amount of all shoots and their freshly harvested dry mass, which were increased by over 25% compared to the controls. The effectiveness of these treatments depended on applied monoculture. The plant spraying with Microcystis aeruginosa MKR 0105 was a little more effective than treatment with Chlorella sp. and Anabaena sp. or the environmental sample. The research demonstrate that the studied Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. monocultures have prospective and useful potential in production of Salix viminalis L., which is the basic energy plant around the word. In this work, a special batch reactor was used to produce torrefaction material in an inert atmosphere: nitrogen, thermogravimetric analysis and DTA analysis, like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The combustion process of Salix viminalis L. with TG-MS analysis was conducted as well as study on a willow torrefaction process, obtaining 30% mass reduction with energy loss close to 10%. Comparing our research results to other types of biomasses, the isothermal temperature of 245 °C during thermo-chemical conversion of willow for the carbonized solid biofuel production from Salix viminalis L. biomass fertilized with Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. is relatively low. At the end, a SEM-EDS analysis of ash from torrefied Salix viminalis L. after carbonization process was conducted.

Suggested Citation

  • Zdzislawa Romanowska-Duda & Szymon Szufa & Mieczysław Grzesik & Krzysztof Piotrowski & Regina Janas, 2021. "The Promotive Effect of Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. Foliar Biofertilization on Growth and Metabolic Activities of Willow ( Salix viminalis L.) Plants as Feedstock Production, Solid Biofuel and Bio," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5262-:d:621508
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    1. Marta Marczak-Grzesik & Stanisław Budzyń & Barbara Tora & Szymon Szufa & Krzysztof Kogut & Piotr Burmistrz, 2021. "Low-Cost Organic Adsorbents for Elemental Mercury Removal from Lignite Flue Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Katarzyna Ławińska & Szymon Szufa & Andrzej Obraniak & Tomasz Olejnik & Robert Siuda & Jerzy Kwiatek & Dominika Ogrodowczyk, 2020. "Disc Granulation Process of Carbonation Lime Mud as a Method of Post-Production Waste Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Hao Luo & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Amit Arora & Krzysztof Mościcki & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Krystian Krochmalny & Marcin Baranowski & Mayank Tiwari & Anshul Sharma & Tanuj Sharma & Zhimin Lu, 2020. "Influence of Torrefaction and Pelletizing of Sawdust on the Design Parameters of a Fixed Bed Gasifier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Szymon Szufa & Grzegorz Wielgosiński & Piotr Piersa & Justyna Czerwińska & Maria Dzikuć & Łukasz Adrian & Wiktoria Lewandowska & Marta Marczak, 2020. "Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-30, April.
    5. Marta Kisielewska & Marcin Zieliński & Marcin Dębowski & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Zdzisława Romanowska-Duda & Magda Dudek, 2020. "Effectiveness of Scenedesmus sp. Biomass Grow and Nutrients Removal from Liquid Phase of Digestates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-11, March.
    6. Marcin Jewiarz & Marek Wróbel & Krzysztof Mudryk & Szymon Szufa, 2020. "Impact of the Drying Temperature and Grinding Technique on Biomass Grindability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
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