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Recent Approaches for the Production of High Value-Added Biofuels from Gelatinous Wastewater

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Tawfik

    (Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Shou-Qing Ni

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China)

  • Hanem. M. Awad

    (Department Tanning Materials and Leather Technology & Regulatory Toxicology Lab, National Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Sherif Ismail

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
    Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt)

  • Vinay Kumar Tyagi

    (Environmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India)

  • Mohd Shariq Khan

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman)

  • Muhammad Abdul Qyyum

    (School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea)

  • Moonyong Lee

    (School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea)

Abstract

Gelatin production is the most industry polluting process where huge amounts of raw organic materials and chemicals (HCl, NaOH, Ca 2+ ) are utilized in the manufacturing accompanied by voluminous quantities of end-pipe effluent. The gelatinous wastewater (GWW) contains a large fraction of protein and lipids with biodegradability (BOD/COD ratio) exceeding 0.6. Thus, it represents a promising low-cost substrate for the generation of biofuels, i.e., H 2 and CH 4, by the anaerobic digestion process. This review comprehensively describes the anaerobic technologies employed for simultaneous treatment and energy recovery from GWW. The emphasis was afforded on factors affecting the biofuels productivity from anaerobic digestion of GWW, i.e., protein concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), the substrate to inoculum ( S 0 / X 0 ) ratio, type of mixed culture anaerobes, carbohydrates concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and alkalinity/VFA ratio, and reactor configurations. Economic values and future perspectives that require more attention are also outlined to facilitate further advancement and achieve practicality in this domain.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Tawfik & Shou-Qing Ni & Hanem. M. Awad & Sherif Ismail & Vinay Kumar Tyagi & Mohd Shariq Khan & Muhammad Abdul Qyyum & Moonyong Lee, 2021. "Recent Approaches for the Production of High Value-Added Biofuels from Gelatinous Wastewater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4936-:d:612994
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    References listed on IDEAS

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