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Tap Water Quality: Seasonal User Surveys in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Józef Ober

    (Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta Str. 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland)

  • Janusz Karwot

    (Sewage and Water Supply Ltd., Pod Lasem 62, 44-210 Rybnik, Poland)

Abstract

Security of supply of water, which meets the quality parameters specified in applicable standards, is now the basis for the functioning of most societies. In addition to climatic, biological, chemical, and physical hazards, it is worth paying attention to consumers’ subjective perception of the quality of tap water supplied in the area of Poland. The article discusses various activities related to water resources management and analyses the results of an evaluation of selected quality parameters of tap water in Poland. A novelty on a European scale here is an examination of the evaluation of these parameters based on potential seasonal differences (spring, summer, autumn, winter). For the first time in the world literature, PROFIT analysis was used to evaluate selected parameters of tap water quality. The aim of the article was to present a model for the evaluation of the parameters of tap water supplied in different seasons of the year in Poland. Due to the complexity of the research aspects, a mixed-methods research procedure was used in which a literature review was combined with a survey and statistical analysis. For the purpose of the survey, an original survey questionnaire called “Survey of customer opinions on selected parameters of tap water supplied in Poland” was developed especially for this study. The conducted research confirmed the adopted hypothesis that the results of evaluation of selected tap water parameters vary depending on the period (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in Poland. The model developed by means of PROFIT analysis makes it possible to highlight to water suppliers the specific quality parameters in particular seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter), which may improve the quality of water supplied in Poland and thus, in the long-term perspective, increase the level of satisfaction of water recipients and confidence in drinking tap water in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Józef Ober & Janusz Karwot, 2021. "Tap Water Quality: Seasonal User Surveys in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3841-:d:582500
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bruno Lanz & Allan Provins, 2014. "The demand for tap water quality: Survey evidence on water hardness and aesthetic quality," CIES Research Paper series 23-2014, Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute.
    2. Ching-Ping Liang & Chia-Hui Wang & Sheng-Wei Wang & Ta-Wei Chang & Jui-Sheng Chen, 2020. "Application of Factor Analysis for Characterizing the Relationships between Groundwater Quality and Land Use in Taiwan’s Pingtung Plain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
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    4. Aleksandra Kuzior & Józef Ober & Janusz Karwot, 2021. "Stakeholder Expectation of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: A Case Study of PWiK Rybnik, Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
    5. Cyr-Gagnon, Julia & Rodriguez, Manuel J., 2021. "Optimizing data management for municipal source water protection," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    6. Isabella Gambino & Francesco Bagordo & Benedetta Coluccia & Tiziana Grassi & Giovanni De Filippis & Prisco Piscitelli & Biagio Galante & Federica De Leo, 2020. "PET-Bottled Water Consumption in View of a Circular Economy: The Case Study of Salento (South Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-13, September.
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