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Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa

Author

Listed:
  • Konstantinos Kolovos

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences & Engineering, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK)

  • Phoevos Koukouvinis

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences & Engineering, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK)

  • Robert M. McDavid

    (Caterpillar Inc., Mossville, IL 61552, USA)

  • Manolis Gavaises

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences & Engineering, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK)

Abstract

An investigation of the fuel heating, vapor formation, and cavitation erosion location patterns inside a five-hole common rail diesel fuel injector, occurring during the early opening period of the needle valve (from 2 μm to 80 μm), discharging at pressures of up to 450 MPa, is presented. Numerical simulations were performed using the explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and energy conservation equations. The flow solver was combined with tabulated property data for a four-component diesel fuel surrogate, derived from the perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EoS), which allowed for a significant amount of the fuel’s physical and transport properties to be quantified. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model was used to resolve sub-grid scale turbulence, while a cell-based mesh deformation arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used for modelling the injector’s needle valve movement. Friction-induced heating was found to increase significantly when decreasing the pressure. At the same time, the Joule–Thomson cooling effect was calculated for up to 25 degrees K for the local fuel temperature drop relative to the fuel’s feed temperature. The extreme injection pressures induced fuel jet velocities in the order of 1100 m/s, affecting the formation of coherent vortical flow structures into the nozzle’s sac volume.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantinos Kolovos & Phoevos Koukouvinis & Robert M. McDavid & Manolis Gavaises, 2021. "Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2923-:d:557243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Battistoni, Michele & Grimaldi, Carlo Nazareno, 2012. "Numerical analysis of injector flow and spray characteristics from diesel injectors using fossil and biodiesel fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 656-666.
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