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Influence of the Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems in Woodchippers Powered by Small Engines on Exhaust Emissions and Operating Costs

Author

Listed:
  • Łukasz Warguła

    (Institute of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Mateusz Kukla

    (Institute of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Piotr Lijewski

    (Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Drives, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Michał Dobrzyński

    (Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Drives, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Filip Markiewicz

    (Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Drives, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

The use of alternative fuels is a contemporary trend in science aimed at the protection of non-renewable resources, reducing the negative impact on people and reducing the negative impact on the natural environment. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an alternative fuel within the meaning of the European Union Directive (2014/94/UE), as it is an alternative for energy sources derived from crude oil. The use of LPG fuel in low-power internal combustion engines is one of the currently developed scientific research directions. It results from the possibility of limiting air pollutant emissions compared to the commonly used gasoline and the lower cost of this fuel in many countries. By “gasoline 95” the Authors mean non-lead petrol as a flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines, whereas 95 is an octane rating (octane number). This article presents the results of research on fuel consumption, toxic exhaust gas emission, and operating costs of a woodchipper used for shredding branches with a diameter of up to 100 mm in real working conditions. The woodchipper, powered by a 9.5 kW internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline and LPG was tested. Liberal regulations of the European Union (Regulation 2016/1628/EU) on the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from small spark-ignition engines (up to 19 kW) and non-road applications contribute to the low technical advancement level of these engines. The authors researched a relatively simple and cheap LPG fueling system, as in their opinion, such a system has the best chance of being implemented for use. In the study, the branches of cherry plum were shredded (Prunus cerasiferaEhrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender4:189-204. 1784)). Their diameter was ca. 80 mm, length 3 m, and moisture content ca. 25%. The system was tested during the shredding of the branches in real working conditions (the frequency of supplying the branches about 4 min −1 and the mass productivity of about 0.73 t/h). Based on the recorded results, it was found that the LPG fueled engine was characterized by higher carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions by 22% and 27%, respectively. A positive effect of using LPG was the reduction of fuel consumption by 28% and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions by 37% and 83%, respectively. The results of the research show that the use of alternative fuels can bring benefits in terms of CO 2 and HC emissions, but at the same time be characterized by an increase in CO and NO x emissions. Further research should be conducted on innovative alternative fuel supply systems, such as in the automotive industry. At the same time, legislators should limit the use of low-quality fuel supply systems with the limits of pollutant emissions in exhaust gases, contributing to the development and economic competitiveness of new fuel injection systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla & Piotr Lijewski & Michał Dobrzyński & Filip Markiewicz, 2020. "Influence of the Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems in Woodchippers Powered by Small Engines on Exhaust Emissions and Operating Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5773-:d:439851
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabiana Passos & Thiago Bressani-Ribeiro & Sonaly Rezende & Carlos A. L. Chernicharo, 2020. "Potential Applications of Biogas Produced in Small-Scale UASB-Based Sewage Treatment Plants in Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla & Piotr Krawiec & Bartosz Wieczorek, 2020. "Reduction in Operating Costs and Environmental Impact Consisting in the Modernization of the Low-Power Cylindrical Wood Chipper Power Unit by Using Alternative Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla & Piotr Lijewski & Michał Dobrzyński & Filip Markiewicz, 2020. "Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Carolina Marchant & Víctor Leiva & George Christakos & M. Fernanda Cavieres, 2019. "Monitoring urban environmental pollution by bivariate control charts: New methodology and case study in Santiago, Chile," Environmetrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), August.
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    3. Gabrielius MEJERAS & Alfredas RIMKUS & Jonas MATIJOŠIUS, 2021. "Investigation Of The Influence Of Hydrogen On The Energy Performance Of A Spark Ignition Engine Using Gasoline And Bioethanol Fuel Mixtures," Transport Problems, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, vol. 16(3), pages 41-51, September.
    4. Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla & Piotr Lijewski & Michał Dobrzyński & Filip Markiewicz, 2020. "Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
    5. S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Fajle Rabbi Ashik & Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan & Md Tausif Murshed & Md Ashraful Imran & Md Hamidur Rahman & Md Akibur Rahman & Mohammad, 2021. "State-of-the-Art of Establishing Test Procedures for Real Driving Gaseous Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-32, July.
    6. Kakran, Shubham & Sidhu, Arpit & Kumar, Ashish & Ben Youssef, Adel & Lohan, Sheenam, 2023. "Hydrogen energy in BRICS-US: A whirl succeeding fuel treasure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
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    8. Sai Manoj Rayapureddy & Jonas Matijošius & Alfredas Rimkus, 2021. "Comparison of Research Data of Diesel–Biodiesel–Isopropanol and Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Isopropanol Fuel Blends Mixed at Different Proportions on a CI Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-14, September.
    9. Warguła, Łukasz & Kukla, Mateusz & Wieczorek, Bartosz & Krawiec, Piotr, 2022. "Energy consumption of the wood size reduction processes with employment of a low-power machines with various cutting mechanisms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 630-639.

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