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Stationary Energy Storage System for Fast EV Charging Stations: Simultaneous Sizing of Battery and Converter

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  • Akhtar Hussain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 12-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406840, Korea
    Research Institute for Northeast Asian Super Grid, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

  • Van-Hai Bui

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 12-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406840, Korea)

  • Ju-Won Baek

    (Division of Smart Grid, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 51543, Korea)

  • Hak-Man Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 12-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406840, Korea
    Research Institute for Northeast Asian Super Grid, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

Abstract

Optimal sizing of stationary energy storage systems (ESS) is required to reduce the peak load and increase the profit of fast charging stations. Sequential sizing of battery and converter or fixed-size converters are considered in most of the existing studies. However, sequential sizing or fixed-converter sizes may result in under or oversizing of ESS and thus fail to achieve the set targets, such as peak shaving and cost reduction. In order to address these issues, simultaneous sizing of battery and converter is proposed in this study. The proposed method has the ability to avoid the under or oversizing of ESS by considering the converter capacity and battery size as two independence decision variables. A mathematical problem is formulated by considering the stochastic return time of electrical vehicles (EVs), worst-case state of charge at return time, number of registered EVs, charging level of EVs, and other related parameters. The annualized cost of ESS is computed by considering the lifetime of ESS equipment and annual interest rates. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing sizing methods for ESS in fast-charging stations. In addition, sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of different parameters on the size of the battery and the converter. Simulation results have proved that the proposed method is outperforming the existing sizing methods in terms of the total annual cost of the charging station and the amount of power buying during peak load intervals.

Suggested Citation

  • Akhtar Hussain & Van-Hai Bui & Ju-Won Baek & Hak-Man Kim, 2019. "Stationary Energy Storage System for Fast EV Charging Stations: Simultaneous Sizing of Battery and Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:23:p:4516-:d:291599
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ding, Huajie & Hu, Zechun & Song, Yonghua, 2015. "Value of the energy storage system in an electric bus fast charging station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 630-639.
    2. Akhtar Hussain & Van-Hai Bui & Hak-Man Kim, 2017. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) for Enhancing the Resiliency of Hybrid Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Yan Bao & Yu Luo & Weige Zhang & Mei Huang & Le Yi Wang & Jiuchun Jiang, 2018. "A Bi-Level Optimization Approach to Charging Load Regulation of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations Based on a Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Guozhong Liu & Li Kang & Zeyu Luan & Jing Qiu & Fenglei Zheng, 2019. "Charging Station and Power Network Planning for Integrated Electric Vehicles (EVs)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Yorick Ligen & Heron Vrubel & Hubert Girault, 2019. "Local Energy Storage and Stochastic Modeling for Ultrafast Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Yian Yan & Huang Wang & Jiuchun Jiang & Weige Zhang & Yan Bao & Mei Huang, 2019. "Research on Configuration Methods of Battery Energy Storage System for Pure Electric Bus Fast Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Rehman, Waqas ur & Bo, Rui & Mehdipourpicha, Hossein & Kimball, Jonathan W., 2022. "Sizing battery energy storage and PV system in an extreme fast charging station considering uncertainties and battery degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    3. Carlo Baron & Ameena S. Al-Sumaiti & Sergio Rivera, 2020. "Impact of Energy Storage Useful Life on Intelligent Microgrid Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.
    4. Akhtar Hussain & Van-Hai Bui & Ju-Won Baek & Hak-Man Kim, 2020. "Stationary Energy Storage System for Fast EV Charging Stations: Optimality Analysis and Results Validation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.

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